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Education and Development in Colonial and Postcolonial Africa
This open access edited volume offers an analysis of the entangled histories of education and development in twentieth-century Africa. It deals with the plurality of actors that competed and collaborated to formulate educational and developmental paradigms and projects: debating their utility and purpose, pondering their necessity and risk, and evaluating their intended and unintended consequences in colonial and postcolonial moments. Since the late nineteenth century, the “educability” of the native was the subject of several debates and experiments: numerous voices, arguments, and agendas emerged, involving multiple institutions and experts, governmental and non-governmental, religious and laic, operating from the corridors of international organizations to the towns and rural villages of Africa. This plurality of expressions of political, social, cultural, and economic imagination of education and development is at the core of this collective work.
Britain, France and the Decolonization of Africa
Looking at decolonization in the conditional tense, this volume teases out the complex and uncertain ends of British and French empire in Africa during the period of ‘late colonial shift’ after 1945. Rather than view decolonization as an inevitable process, the contributors together explore the crucial historical moments in which change was negotiated, compromises were made, and debates were staged. Three core themes guide the analysis: development, contingency and entanglement. The chapters consider the ways in which decolonization was governed and moderated by concerns about development and profit. A complementary focus on contingency allows deeper consideration of how colonial powers ...
The French Army and Its African Soldiers
As part of France's opposition to the independence of its former colonies in the years following World War II, its army remained deeply invested in preventing the decolonization of the territories comprising French West Africa (FWA). Even as late as the 1950s, the French Army clung to the hope that it was possible to retain FWA as a colony, believing that its relations with African soldiers could offer the perfect model for continued ties between France and its West African territories. In The French Army and Its African Soldiers Ruth Ginio examines the French Army's attempts to win the hearts and souls of the local population at a time of turbulence and uncertainty regarding future relation...
Automotive Empire
In Automotive Empire, Andrew Denning uncovers how roads and vehicles began to transform colonial societies across Africa but rarely in the manner Europeans expected. Like seafaring ships and railroads, automobiles and roads were more than a mode of transport—they organized colonial spaces and structured the political, economic, and social relations of empire, both within African colonies and between colonies and the European metropole. European officials in French, Italian, British, German, Belgian, and Portuguese territories in Africa shared a common challenge—the transport problem. While they imagined that roads would radiate commerce and political hegemony by collapsing space, the pre...
Colonial Impotence
In Colonial Impotence, Benoît Henriet studies the violent contradictions of colonial rule from the standpoint of the Leverville concession, Belgian Congo’s largest palm oil exploitation. Leverville was imagined as a benevolent tropical utopia, whose Congolese workers would be "civilized" through a paternalist machinery. However, the concession was marred by inefficiency, endemic corruption and intrinsic brutality. Colonial agents in the field could be seen as impotent, for they were both unable and unwilling to perform as expected. This book offers a new take on the joint experience of colonialism and capitalism in Southwest Congo, and sheds light on their impact on local environments, bodies, societies and cosmogonies.
An Outline of the Origins of Money
“On this subject, I only knew the excellent little book by the late Schurtz” — Marcel Mauss, 1914, “Les origines de la notion de monnaie”. Heinrich Schurtz’s 1898 book has been a touchstone for economic historians, anthropologists, and philosophers interested in the nature and origins of money in various societies, including Georg Simmel, Max Weber, Marcel Mauss, and Karl Polanyi. Schurtz experimented with concepts about money, going beyond traditional economic paradigms. Drawing on an extensive range of archaeological and ethnographic sources, he reframed a theory of money to include its materiality, symbolic nature, relationship to forms of property, and its dual origin in “outside-” and “inside-money.” While not well known today, it was important to the theorization of money in the first half of the 20th century and its innovative synthesis offers galvanizing questions and insights into how value relations are formed and how currency systems are interrelated.
Global Agricultural Workers from the 17th to the 21st Century
Agricultural workers have long been underrepresented in labour history. This volume aims to change this by bringing together a collection of studies on the largest group of the global work force. The contributions cover the period from the early modern to the present – a period when the emergence and consolidation of capitalism has transformed rural areas all over the globe. Three questions have guided the approach and the structure of this volume. First, how and why have peasant families managed to survive under conditions of advancing commercialisation and industrialisation? Second, why have coercive labour relations been so persistent in the agricultural sector and third, what was the role of states in the recruitment of agricultural workers? Contributors are: Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk, Josef Ehmer, Katherine Jellison, Juan Carmona, James Simpson, Sophie Elpers, Debojyoti Das, Lozaan Khumbah, Karl Heinz Arenz, Leida Fernandez-Prieto, Rachel Kurian, Rafael Marquese, Bruno Gabriel Witzel de Souza, Rogério Naques Faleiros, Alessandro Stanziani, Alexander Keese, Dina Bolokan, and Janina Puder.
Internationaliser l'éducation
Fondé sur une riche documentation archivistique, cet ouvrage montre comment l'éducation est devenue l'un des grands enjeux de la décolonisation de l'Afrique.
Émulations n° 33 : La nuit urbaine
L'appropriation de la nuit urbaine par des activités économiques, sociales et culturelles a connu au xxe siècle une accélération sans précédent. L’intérêt croissant des sciences sociales pour cet objet de recherche a permis de mieux connaître les dynamiques caractérisant l’évolution de l’espace-temps nocturne dans les différentes parties du globe. Ce numéro souligne la nécessité de poursuivre l’exploration de cet espace-temps complexe. En réunissant des contributions de différentes disciplines et sur des régions géographiques variées, il propose de lier tendances globales et spécificités locales qui (re)configurent la nuit urbaine dans la ville contemporaine. Les apports de ces contributions sont présentés et articulés autour de quatre axes: lieux et usages différenciés des pratiques nocturnes, attractivité et conflits, inégalités nocturnes, méthodologies des enquêtes sur la nuit.
Politique africaine n°155 : L'Afrique carcérale
On assiste, depuis quelques années en Afrique, au déploiement concomitant d’ethnographies carcérales et à l’inscription de la question pénitentiaire dans le champ du développement, en tension entre enjeux sécuritaires et droits de l’homme. Tandis que les agences internationales (re)produisent un discours sur la prison africaine, appréhendée comme un objet à réformer, ce dossier, à contre-courant des idées reçues et des lectures stéréotypées, entend ouvrir la discussion à partir d’enquêtes de terrain, issues majoritairement d’un programme collectif et pluridisciplinaire, et dégager les grandes questions qui sous-tendent la pluralité des réalités carcérales. L...
