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Mathematical Logic
This book, presented in two parts, offers a slow introduction to mathematical logic, and several basic concepts of model theory, such as first-order definability, types, symmetries, and elementary extensions. Its first part, Logic Sets, and Numbers, shows how mathematical logic is used to develop the number structures of classical mathematics. The exposition does not assume any prerequisites; it is rigorous, but as informal as possible. All necessary concepts are introduced exactly as they would be in a course in mathematical logic; but are accompanied by more extensive introductory remarks and examples to motivate formal developments. The second part, Relations, Structures, Geometry, introd...
Model Theory for Beginners. 15 Lectures
This book presents an introduction to model theory in 15 lectures. It concentrates on several key concepts: first-order definability, classification of complete types, elementary extensions, categoricity, automorphisms, and saturation; all illustrated with examples that require neither advanced alegbra nor set theory. A full proof of the compactness theorem for countable languages and its applications are given, followed by a discussion of the Ehrefeucht-Mostowski technique for constructing models admitting automorphisms. Additional topics include recursive saturation, nonstandard models of arithmetic, Abraham Robinson's model-theoretic proof of Tarski's theorem on undefinability of truth, and the proof of the Infinite Ramsey Theorem using an elementary extension of the standard model of arithmetic.
Nonstandard Models of Arithmetic and Set Theory
This is the proceedings of the AMS special session on nonstandard models of arithmetic and set theory held at the Joint Mathematics Meetings in Baltimore (MD). The volume opens with an essay from Haim Gaifman that probes the concept of non-standardness in mathematics and provides a fascinating mix of historical and philosophical insights into the nature of nonstandard mathematical structures. In particular, Gaifman compares and contrasts the discovery of nonstandard models with other key mathematical innovations, such as the introduction of various number systems, the modern concept of function, and non-Euclidean geometries. Other articles in the book present results related to nonstandard models in arithmetic and set theory, including a survey of known results on the Turing upper bounds of arithmetic sets and functions. The volume is suitable for graduate students and research mathematicians interested in logic, especially model theory.
Simplicity: Ideals of Practice in Mathematics and the Arts
To find "criteria of simplicity" was the goal of David Hilbert's recently discovered twenty-fourth problem on his renowned list of open problems given at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians in Paris. At the same time, simplicity and economy of means are powerful impulses in the creation of artworks. This was an inspiration for a conference, titled the same as this volume, that took place at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York in April of 2013. This volume includes selected lectures presented at the conference, and additional contributions offering diverse perspectives from art and architecture, the philosophy and history of mathematics, and current mathematical practice.
Set Theory, Arithmetic, and Foundations of Mathematics
This collection of papers from various areas of mathematical logic showcases the remarkable breadth and richness of the field. Leading authors reveal how contemporary technical results touch upon foundational questions about the nature of mathematics. Highlights of the volume include: a history of Tennenbaum's theorem in arithmetic; a number of papers on Tennenbaum phenomena in weak arithmetics as well as on other aspects of arithmetics, such as interpretability; the transcript of Gödel's previously unpublished 1972–1975 conversations with Sue Toledo, along with an appreciation of the same by Curtis Franks; Hugh Woodin's paper arguing against the generic multiverse view; Anne Troelstra's history of intuitionism through 1991; and Aki Kanamori's history of the Suslin problem in set theory. The book provides a historical and philosophical treatment of particular theorems in arithmetic and set theory, and is ideal for researchers and graduate students in mathematical logic and philosophy of mathematics.
Snowbird Lectures in Algebraic Geometry
A significant part of the 2004 Summer Research Conference on Algebraic Geometry (Snowbird, UT) was devoted to lectures introducing the participants, in particular, graduate students and recent Ph.D.'s, to a wide swathe of algebraic geometry and giving them a working familiarity with exciting, rapidly developing parts of the field. One of the main goals of the organizers was to allow the participants to broaden their horizons beyond the narrow area in which they are working. A fine selection of topics and a noteworthy list of contributors made the resulting collection of articles a useful resource for everyone interested in getting acquainted with the modern topic of algebraic geometry. The book consists of ten articles covering, among others, the following topics: the minimal model program, derived categories of sheaves on algebraic varieties, Kobayashi hyperbolicity, groupoids and quotients in algebraic geometry, rigid analytic varieties, and equivariant cohomology. Suitable for independent study, this unique volume is intended for graduate students and researchers interested in algebraic geometry.
Computability and Randomness
The interplay between computability and randomness has been an active area of research in recent years, reflected by ample funding in the USA, numerous workshops, and publications on the subject. The complexity and the randomness aspect of a set of natural numbers are closely related. Traditionally, computability theory is concerned with the complexity aspect. However, computability theoretic tools can also be used to introduce mathematical counterparts for the intuitive notion of randomness of a set. Recent research shows that, conversely, concepts and methods originating from randomness enrich computability theory. The book covers topics such as lowness and highness properties, Kolmogorov complexity, betting strategies and higher computability. Both the basics and recent research results are desribed, providing a very readable introduction to the exciting interface of computability and randomness for graduates and researchers in computability theory, theoretical computer science, and measure theory.
On Minimalism
A revisionist history of minimalism's transformative rise, through the voices of the musicians who created it. When composers like Philip Glass and Steve Reich began creating hypnotically repetitive music in the 1960s, it upended the world of American composition. But minimalism was more than a classical phenomenon—minimalism changed everything. Its static harmonies and groovy pulses swept through the broader avant-garde landscape, informing the work of Yoko Ono and Brian Eno, John and Alice Coltrane, Pauline Oliveros and Julius Eastman, and many others. On Minimalism moves from the style's beginnings in psychedelic counterculture through its present-day influences on ambient jazz, doom metal, and electronic music. The editors look beyond the major figures to highlight crucial and diverse voices—especially women, people of color, and LGBTQ+ musicians—that have shaped the genre. Featuring more than a hundred rare historical sources, On Minimalism curates this history anew, documenting one of the most important musical movements of our time.
99 Variations on a Proof
An exploration of mathematical style through 99 different proofs of the same theorem This book offers a multifaceted perspective on mathematics by demonstrating 99 different proofs of the same theorem. Each chapter solves an otherwise unremarkable equation in distinct historical, formal, and imaginative styles that range from Medieval, Topological, and Doggerel to Chromatic, Electrostatic, and Psychedelic. With a rare blend of humor and scholarly aplomb, Philip Ording weaves these variations into an accessible and wide-ranging narrative on the nature and practice of mathematics. Inspired by the experiments of the Paris-based writing group known as the Oulipo—whose members included Raymond ...
The Geometry of Riemann Surfaces and Abelian Varieties
Most of the papers in this book deal with the theory of Riemann surfaces (moduli problems, automorphisms, etc.), abelian varieties, theta functions, and modular forms. Some of the papers contain surveys on the recent results in the topics of current interest to mathematicians, whereas others contain new research results.
