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This book provides a comprehensive overview of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions, focusing on the mechanistic and synthetic features that govern these reactions. The first chapter presents a detailed mechanistic analysis of the factors determining the feasibility of SNAr substitutions, providing decisive information to predict regioselectivity of many reactions and to define the conditions for concerted SNAr processes. Reflecting the key role played by these species as intermediates in most SNAr reactions, chapter 2 then discusses the chemistry of anionic sigma-complexes. Chapter 3 describes the concept of superelectrophilicity in SNAr substitutions, as it has recently emerged from the rea...
In Muslims in Spain, 1492-1814: Living and Negotiating in the Land of the Infidel, Eloy Martín-Corrales surveys Hispano-Muslim relations from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries, a period of chronic hostilities. Nonetheless there were thousands of Muslims in Spain at that time: ambassadors, exiles, merchants, converts, and travelers. Their negotiating strategies, and the necessary support they found on both shores of the Mediterranean prove that relations between Spaniards and Muslims were based on reasons of state and on a pragmatism that generated intense political and economic ties.These increased enormously after the peace treaties that Spain signed with Muslim countries between 1767 and 1791.
Blockchain technology has garnered much attention in recent years from both academic and business spheres. At its core, this technology enables the implementation of smart contracts, automated software applications that execute agreements on a secure and distributed blockchain ledger. This ledger, known for its transparency, facilitates trustless transactions, eliminating the need for centralized authority. Smart contracts, stored on the blockchain, automate processes such as goods sales, contract execution, and currency exchange, making them accessible to all users. Blockchain Applications for Smart Contract Technologies aims to present an exhaustive compilation of academic and industrial e...
This book presents a comprehensive and expert-led insight into the role, types, practises and determinants of corporate narrative reporting (CNR). It provides a detailed overview of the importance of narrative disclosure in understanding the full annual report and, consequently, company performance and future prospects. CNR comprises integral information presented in the front half of the annual report, which helps to tell the full story of a business, providing a comprehensive overview and understanding of both its past and future performance. Supported with illustrative tables and figures throughout, this volume contains a plethora of carefully selected chapters, featuring the analytical i...
This book is the first comprehensive assessment of the state of low-carbon investments in Asia, analyzing the rationales, mandates and public–private financing activities. Based on the experiences of several regional initiatives wherein public financing is catalyzing private investments in low-carbon infrastructure, this book proposes a framework that can be used as a tool to identify factors that influence private investment decisions and policy instruments that can scale up the private capital. Placing the Asian economies onto a low-carbon development pathway requires an unprecedented shift in investments. This book addresses this situation by asking questions such as: • What is the central role of private finance in achieving the Paris Agreement targets? • What key policy levers and risk mitigation can governments use in an effort to unlock the potentials of private capital? • How can regionally coordinated actions hold significant promise for scaling up private investments?
This two-volume textbook provides a comprehensive review of both adult and pediatric gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and pancreatic pathology. The 1st volume is dedicated to gastrointestinal tract pathology. The second volume of this book covers liver, biliary system, and pancreatic pathology. This book covers each aspect of gastrointestinal tract pathology in detail, including clinical presentation, endoscopic appearance, disease pathogenesis, gross and microscopic details of each lesion. Ancillary diagnostic methods, molecular subtypes, and prognostic workup have been detailed adequately. The book also covers diseases relevant to South-East Asia, in addition to diseases prevalent worldwide...
This double volumes LNCS 11229-11230 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Confederated International Conferences: Cooperative Information Systems, CoopIS 2018, Ontologies, Databases, and Applications of Semantics, ODBASE 2018, and Cloud and Trusted Computing, C&TC, held as part of OTM 2018 in October 2018 in Valletta, Malta. The 64 full papers presented together with 22 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 173 submissions. The OTM program every year covers data and Web semantics, distributed objects, Web services, databases, informationsystems, enterprise workflow and collaboration, ubiquity, interoperability, mobility, grid and high-performance computing.
This book analyses sustainable finance policies implemented by the European Commission since January 2020. Gathering contributors from a range of European and international universities, it particularly aims to explore how EU strategy on green finance encourages and stimulates socially responsible investments that provide solutions to the challenges of the energy transition. The book provides a comprehensive coverage of economic, financial and legal issues concerning green finance and ESG factor integration in the EU. The first part of the book discusses theoretical and empirical perspectives on socially responsible investments (SRIs) and ESG integration, while the second section focuses spe...
Over the past years, significant changes have occurred in the corporate sector arising from globalization, increasing international competitiveness, and intensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). These developments have led to new corporate and social behaviors that are affecting the entire corporate value chain. Thus, business organizations are focusing on technological innovation as a driving force of development. Emerging Tools and Strategies for Financial Management is a pivotal reference source that explores both practical and theoretical perspectives on how financial management is evolving and how future consequences of technological innovation will affect individuals, businesses, and society. While highlighting topics such as financial imbalance, venture capital, and shadow banking, this publication explores the relationship between companies and their customers and the methods of generating changes in today’s enterprises. This book is ideally designed for business managers, financial analysts, financial controllers, directors, finance officers, treasurers, entrepreneurs, CEOs, academicians, students, and research professionals.