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Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in South Asia
South Asia Region (SAR) has decreased maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by 65 percent between 1990 and 2013, which was the greatest progress among all world regions. Such achievement implores the question, What made SAR stand out against what is predicted by standard socioeconomic outcomes? Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in South Asia: Drivers and Enablers identifies the interventions and factors that contributed to reducing MMR and improving maternal and reproductive health (MRH) outcomes in SAR. In this study, the analytical framework assumes that improving MRH outcomes is influenced by a multitude of forces from within and outside the health system and considers factors at the ho...
Health and Nutrition in Urban Bangladesh
Urbanization is occurring at a rapid pace in Bangladesh, accompanied by the proliferation of slum settlements, whose residents have special health needs given the adverse social, economic, and public environmental conditions they face. Over the past 45 years, the country's health and nutrition policies and programs have focused largely on rural health services. Consequently, equitable access of urban populations--particularly the urban poor--to quality health and nutrition services has emerged as a major development issue. However, the knowledge base on urban health and nutrition in Bangladesh remains weak. To address the knowledge gap, Health and Nutrition in Urban Bangladesh: Social Determ...
Educating for Health
In Bangladesh an education program aimed at teaching mothers how to prepare and use oral rehydration solution to treat diarrhea relied on output-based incentives to ensure that the teaching was effective. The program tied field workers' pay to fast-cycle feedback on performance against output indicators. Monitoring results show that the approach worked: the mothers learned effectively. Over 10 years the program reached 12 million households.
Contracting for Public Services
A new book published by the World Bank's Private Sector Advisory Services outlines an innovative approach to delivering development assistance for public basic services such as potable water, safe sanitation, modern energy, and primary education and healthcare. Called output-based aid, the approach delegates service delivery to the non-profit or for profit private sector under contracts that tie payments to the outputs or results actually delivered to target beneficiaries. The book gathers cases of innovative, output-based approaches from across the infrastructure and social sectors, and also provides a checklist for designing and implementing output-based schemes. (From the World Bank website)
The World Bank Research Program, 2005-2007
This pocket-sized reference on key environmental data for over 200 countries includes key indicators on agriculture, forestry, biodiversity, energy, emission and pollution, and water and sanitation. The volume helps establish a sound base of information to help set priorities and measure progress toward environmental sustainability goals.
Healthy Development
After an extensive consultative process with governments and global partners, including civil society organizations and bilateral and multilateral organizations, the World Bank's new health, nutrition, and population strategy aims to help developing countries strengthen their health systems and improve the health and well-being of millions of the world's poorest people, boost economic growth, reduce poverty caused by catastrophic illness, and provide the structural "glue" that supports multiple health-related programs within countries."--BOOK JACKET.
South Asia Policy
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Health Worker Role in Providing Safe Abortion Care and Post Abortion Contraception
Planned and regulated task shifting and task sharing can have a range of benefits. It can ensure a rational optimization of the available health workforce, address health system shortages of specialized health-care professionals, improve equity in access to health care and increase the acceptability of health services for those receiving them. This guideline provides a range of options for expanding of health worker roles in the provision of safe abortion care, the management of complications of abortion (also known as post-abortion care in some settings and provided as part of emergency obstetric care) and for post-abortion contraception provision.
Novel Examination of Interpretable Surrogates and Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning
The lack of transparent output behavior is a significant source of mistrust in many of the currently most successful machine learning tools. Concern arises particularly in situations where the data generation changes, for example under marginal shift or under adversarial manipulations. We analyze the use of decision trees (a human interpretable model) for indicating marginal shift. We then investigate the role of the data generation for the validity of the interpretable surrogate and its implementation as both local and global interpretation methods. We often observed that the decision boundaries of the blackbox model was mostly sitting close to the original data manifold. This makes those regions vulnerable to imperceptible perturbations. Hence, we carefully argue that adversarial robustness should be defined as a locally adaptive measure complying with the underlying distribution. We then suggest a definition for an adaptive robust loss, an empirical version of it and a resulting data-augmentation framework.
