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The Early American Daguerreotype
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 227

The Early American Daguerreotype

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2016-02-12
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  • Publisher: MIT Press

The American daguerreotype as something completely new: a mechanical invention that produced an image, a hybrid of fine art and science and technology. The daguerreotype, invented in France, came to America in 1839. By 1851, this early photographic method had been improved by American daguerreotypists to such a degree that it was often referred to as “the American process.” The daguerreotype—now perhaps mostly associated with stiffly posed portraits of serious-visaged nineteenth-century personages—was an extremely detailed photographic image, produced though a complicated process involving a copper plate, light-sensitive chemicals, and mercury fumes. It was, as Sarah Kate Gillespie s...

Beyond Bakelite
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 379

Beyond Bakelite

  • Type: Book
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  • Published: 2020-03-24
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  • Publisher: MIT Press

The changing relationships between science and industry in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, illustrated by the career of the “father of plastics.” The Belgian-born American chemist, inventor, and entrepreneur Leo Baekeland (1863–1944) is best known for his invention of the first synthetic plastic—his near-namesake Bakelite—which had applications ranging from electrical insulators to Art Deco jewelry. Toward the end of his career, Baekeland was called the “father of plastics”—given credit for the establishment of a sector to which many other researchers, inventors, and firms inside and outside the United States had also made significant contributions. In Beyo...

The Tree and Me
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 99

The Tree and Me

Melissa has written poetry all her life as a therapeutic method of sorting her thoughts, finding God in them, and learning more about herself. She also discovered her passion for photography and the connection of pictures with words to set the poetry in motion. God is my favorite artist, and He has really outdone Himself with the animals He has placed in my care! Melissa exclaimed. Melissa was born with a deep appreciation and genuine respect for Gods creation, and her responsibility to care for it. It is a role she has always taken seriously, and she feels closest to God when she is observing the outdoors, or simply with her pets. As a woman without children of her own, she treasures her be...

The Republic Afloat
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 286

The Republic Afloat

In the years before the Civil War, many Americans saw the sea as a world apart, an often violent and insular culture governed by its own definitions of honor and ruled by its own authorities. The truth, however, is that legal cases that originated at sea had a tendency to come ashore and force the national government to address questions about personal honor, dignity, the rights of labor, and the meaning and privileges of citizenship, often for the first time. By examining how and why merchant seamen and their officers came into contact with the law, Matthew Taylor Raffety exposes the complex relationship between brutal crimes committed at sea and the development of a legal consciousness wit...

Paper Promises
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 226

Paper Promises

Scholarship on photography’s earliest years has tended to focus on daguerreotypes on metal or on the European development of paper photographs made from glass or paper negatives. But Americans also experimented with negative-positive processes to produce photographic images on a variety of paper formats in the early decades of the medium. Paper Promises: Early American Photography presents this rarely studied topic within photographic history. The well-researched and richly detailed texts in this book delve into the complexities of early paper photography in the United States from the 1840s to 1860s, bringing to light a little-known era of American photographic appropriation and adaptation...

Hardship, Greed, and Sorrow
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 185

Hardship, Greed, and Sorrow

In the aftermath of the Civil War, New Mexico Territory endured painful years of hardship and ongoing strife. During this turbulent period, a U.S. military officer stationed in the territory assembled an album of photographs, a series of still shots taken by one or more anonymous photographers. Now, some 150 years later, Hardship, Greed, and Sorrow reproduces the anonymous officer’s “souvenir album” in its totality. Offering an important glimpse of the American Southwest in the mid-1860s, the book opens with a thoughtful foreword by Jennifer Nez Denetdale, who considers the varied and lingering effects that settlement, conquest, and nineteenth-century photography had on the Apaches and...

The Changing Face of Portrait Photography
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 177

The Changing Face of Portrait Photography

A richly illustrated volume examines the portrait work of Dorthea lange, Richard Avedon, Robert Weingarten, George K. Warren, Julia Margaret Cameron, the Barr & Wright Studio, Gertrude Käseebier, Nickolas Muray, Henry Horenstein, and Lauren Greenfiled. The Changing Face of Portrait Photography explores the power of the portrait and the role it plays in our personal and national identities. The Changing Face of Portrait Photography explores ten groups of portraits selected from within the Smithsonian National Museum of American History's Photographic History Collection. The selections represent work by specific photographers with diverse relationships to portraiture, and through their sampling take a focused look at changing convention, theory, and technologies.

The Accidental Possibilities of the City
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 347

The Accidental Possibilities of the City

  • Categories: Art

Claes Oldenburg’s commitment to familiar objects has shaped accounts of his career, but his associations with Pop art and postwar consumerism have overshadowed another crucial aspect of his work. In this revealing reassessment, Katherine Smith traces Oldenburg’s profound responses to shifting urban conditions, framing his enduring relationship with the city as a critical perspective and conceiving his art as urban theory. Smith argues that Oldenburg adapted lessons of context, gleaned from New York’s changing cityscape in the late 1950s, to large-scale objects and architectural plans. By examining disparate projects from New York to Los Angeles, she situates Oldenburg’s innovations in local geographies and national debates. In doing so, Smith illuminates patterns of urbanization through the important contributions of one of the leading artists in the United States.

Photography and Doubt
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 294

Photography and Doubt

Recent decades have seen photography’s privileged relationship to the real come under question. Spurred by the postmodern critique of photography in the 1980s and the rise of digital technologies soon thereafter, scholars have been asking who and what built this understanding of the medium in the first place. Photography and Doubt reflects on this interest in photography’s referential power by discussing it in rigorously historical terms. How was the understanding of photographic realism cultivated in the first place? What do cases of staged and manipulated photography reveal about that realism’s hold on audiences across the medium’s history? Have doubts about photography’s testimo...

Off the Pedestal
  • Language: en
  • Pages: 180

Off the Pedestal

  • Categories: Art

Off the Pedestal is the first book to explore the radical change that occurred in the representation of women immediately after the Civil War. Three critical essays draw on the visual culture of the period to show how postbellum social changes in the United States brought issues of subordination and autonomy to the surface for women in much the same way that it did for blacks. As women began attending college in greater numbers, entering professions previously dominated by men, and demanding greater personal freedom, these "new women" were featured more frequently in the visual arts and in a manner that made it clear that they had ambitions outside the domestic sphere.