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First Contacts in Polynesia - the Samoan Case (1722-1848)
This book explores the first encounters between Samoans and Europeans up to the arrival of the missionaries, using all available sources for the years 1722 to the 1830s, paying special attention to the first encounter on land with the Laperouse expedition. Many of the sources used are French, and some of difficult accessibility, and thus they have not previously been thoroughly examined by historians. Adding some Polynesian comparisons from beyond Samoa, and reconsidering the so-called 'Sahlins-Obeyesekere debate' about the fate of Captain Cook, 'First Contacts' in Polynesia advances a hypothesis about the contemporary interpretations made by the Polynesians of the nature of the Europeans, a...
Dual Classification Reconsidered
The deep structure of symbolism in religious and ritual activities has hitherto mostly been studied from perspectives deriving from classical and contemporary Western thought, which values symmetry, non-contradiction, equality of terms and the rationality of linear discourse and classification systems have therefore come to be defined in binary terms (right/left, male/female, black/white). In this book, Serge Tcherkezoff presents a new perspective on the study of ritual classification. On the basis of a detailed ethnography of the rituals of the Nyamwezi of Tanzania, Tcherkezoff argues for an analysis which recognised contradictions and asymmetry within ritual systems. Following Dumont, he shows that societies are characterised by a hierarchal structure of values, in which each individual element has a meaning only through its position within the whole, thereby replacing the rigid classical structuralist dichotomy with a rich multidimensional approach.
The Scope of Anthropology
Some of the most prominent social and cultural anthropologists have come together in this volume to discuss Maurice Godelier's work. They explore and revisit some of the highly complex practices and structures social scientists encounter in their fieldwork. From the nature-culture debate to the fabrication of hereditary political systems, from transforming gender relations to the problems of the Christianization of indigenous peoples, these chapters demonstrate both the diversity of anthropological topics and the opportunity for constructive dialogue around shared methodological and theoretical models.
The Changing South Pacific
The texts collected in this volume take an anthropological approach to the variety of contemporary societal problems which confront the peoples of the contemporary South Pacific: religious revival, the sociology of relations between local groups, regions and nation-States, the problem of culture areas, the place of democracy in the transition of States founded on sacred chiefdoms, the role of ceremonial exchanges in a market economy, and so forth. Each chapter presents a society seen from a specific point of view, but always with reference to the issue of collective identity and its confrontation with history and change. The collection thus invites the reader to understand how the inhabitants of these societies seek to affirm both an individual identity and a sense of belonging to the contemporary world. In doing so, it informs the reader about the contemporary realities experienced by the inhabitants of the South Pacific, with a view to contributing to an intercultural dialogue between the reader and these inhabitants.
Oceanic Encounters
This volume, the result of ongoing collaborations between Australian and French anthropologists, historians and linguists, explores encounters between Pacific peoples and foreigners during the longue durée of European exploration, colonisation and settlement from the sixteenth century to the twentieth century. It deploys the concept of `encounter¿ rather than the more common idea of `first contact¿ for several reasons. Encounters with Europeans occurred in the context of extensive prior encounters and exchanges between Pacific peoples, manifest in the distribution of languages and objects and in patterns of human settlement and movement. The concept of encounter highlights the mutuality i...
Divine Domesticities
Divine Domesticities: Christian Paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific fills a huge lacuna in the scholarly literature on missionaries in Asia/Pacific and is transnational history at its finest. Co-edited by two eminent scholars, this multidisciplinary volume, an outgrowth of several conferences/seminars, critically examines various encounters between western missionaries and indigenous women in the Pacific/Asia … Taken as a whole, this is a thought-provoking and an indispensable reference, not only for students of colonialism/imperialism but also for those of us who have an interest in transnational and gender history in general. The chapters are very clearly written, engaging, and remarkably ...
Tahiti 1768. Jeunes filles en pleurs.
La “découverte” de Tahiti (1767-69), les récits des voyageurs inventèrent une société où les jeunes femmes auraient eu pour règle de pratiquer “l’amour libre” et même de le faire “en public”. Le discours fut un point de vue masculin centré sur l’Europe, dissertant sur les variétés humaines et les couleurs de peau, mais aussi sur la supposée nature universelle des femmes. La vie publique, chez les aristocrates et chez les imprimeurs de Paris et de Londres, fut une course au sensationnel, à coup de rumeurs et de publications fantaisistes. Surtout la réécriture du journal de bord en un récit officiel “offert au roi” a tout brouillé. En retournant aux journau...
Polynésie/Mélanésie
Polynésie, Mélanésie... mais aussi Australie, Micronésie : on ignore souvent que le découpage actuel de l’Océanie résulte d’une théorie raciste des «couleurs de peau», élaborée en France au début du XIXe siècle et préparée par des siècles d’interrogations européennes sur la présence des «Nègres du Pacifique». C’est aussi l’histoire d’un regard européen-masculin qui admira bien plus les femmes polynésiennes que les femmes des «îles noires» (Mélanésie). En rassemblant les divers traités français (ainsi que le traité anglais de J.R. Forster de 1778) qui ont prétendu donner une classification des peuples du Pacifique, en retraçant l’origine des app...
