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This book aims to provide the reader a neuroscientific understanding surrounding a very simple question: how do we learn not to fear? Exploring answers to this question is very important for two reasons. First, learning about the neural mechanisms of fear extinction is of relevance to everyone’s life - it is such a basic yet relevant question to our daily experiences. Therefore, understanding brain mechanisms of fear and its regulation is essential from a basic neuroscience point of view. Second, excessive fear and the inability to regulate its expression is one of the hallmarks of fear-, anxiety-, trauma-, and stressor-related psychopathologies. And as such, learning about how fear is acq...
Neurobiology of PTSD outlines the basic neural mechanisms that mediate complex responses and adaptations to psychological trauma; describes how these biological processes are impaired in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); and discusses how the environmental exposure to trauma interacts with the brain to create the syndrome of PTSD.
This volume explores the latest experimental techniques in animal models of PTSD and humans affected by PTSD. The methods discussed in this book cover topics such as translational research; addressing sex differences; highlighting the state-of-the-art of biomarker discovery in the development and maintenance of PTSD; and looks at new promising agents to enhance fear extinction retention that may help millions of individuals that suffer from this debilitating disorder worldwide. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Authoritative and thorough, Translational Methods for PTSD Research is a valuable resource that will help researchers understand and learn more about this important disorder.
The United States has never had a president quite like Donald J. Trump. He violated every rule of conventional presidential campaigns to win a race that almost no one, including at times he himself, thought he would win. In so doing, Trump set off cataclysmic shock waves across the country and world that have not subsided and are unlikely to as long as he remains in office. Critics of Trump abound, as do anonymously sourced speculations about his motives, yet the real man behind this unprecedented presidency remains largely unknown. In this innovative analysis, American presidency scholar and trained psychoanalyst Stanley Renshon reaches beyond partisan narrative to offer a serious and substantive examination of Trump’s real psychology and controversial presidency. He analyzes Trump as a preemptive president trying to become transformative by initiating a Politics of American Restoration. Rigorously grounded in both political science and psychology scholarship, The Real Psychology of the Trump Presidency offers a unique and thoughtful perspective on our controversial 45th president.
Pavlov's research was foundational to the twentieth-century understanding of physiology and psychology, yet much of his work remains untranslated from the original Russian language. In this book, Olga Yokoyama sets out to translate the third volume of Pavlov's Complete Works, as well as his last unpublished paper. This volume also contains the papers from the sixth edition of Twenty Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity of Animals, arguably the most impactful work by the 1904 Nobel Laureate. His concept of the conditional reflex has influenced human thought far beyond physiology, affecting the ways we view not only such practical matters as learning and child-rearing, but philosophical questions of the mind and its relationship to the psyche, creativity, and individual freedom. This translation is accompanied by three introductory essays which contextualize Pavlov's work from three perspectives: that of Pavlov's text as it was subjected to translation, that of neuropsychological science today, and that of the history of scientific thought and practices.
Building on pioneering animal studies, and making use of new, noninvasive techniques for studying the human brain, research on the human amygdala has blossomed in recent years. This comprehensive volume brings together leading authorities to synthesize current knowledge on the amygdala and its role in psychological function and dysfunction. Initial chapters discuss how animal models have paved the way for work with human subjects. Next, the book examines the amygdala's involvement in emotional processing, learning, memory, and social interaction. The final section presents key advances in understanding specific clinical disorders: anxiety disorders, depression, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Illustrations include more than 25 color plates.
Post-traumatic stress disorder is both a gift and tool in God’s hands. The Lord has designed a person’s brain to adjust to the rigors of combat or abuse. Combat’s despair can also drive us to Christ. Jim Carmichael, Ph.D. looks back at his service in Vietnam and how it impacted his life upon returning home in this book. More importantly, he reveals how God led him to find redemption, obedience to God, and transformation into the image of Jesus Christ through suffering. In sharing his story, the author seeks to answer questions such as: · What is the purpose of PTSD? · Why don’t all combatants suffer from PTSD? · How can God deliver individuals from bondage? · What can be done to prevent PTSD victims from dying by suicide? The author stresses that the Veterans Administration should do more to teach veterans and their families about how the brain changes when it’s subjected to constant stress. He also highlights how combatants throughout history have been impacted by stress. Join the author as he praises and thanks God for using the horrors of Vietnam to drive him to Christ.
Interaction between language and cognition remains an unsolved scientific problem. What are the differences in neural mechanisms of language and cognition? Why do children acquire language by the age of six, while taking a lifetime to acquire cognition? What is the role of language and cognition in thinking? Is abstract cognition possible without language? Is language just a communication device, or is it fundamental in developing thoughts? Why are there no animals with human thinking but without human language? Combinations even among 100 words and 100 objects (multiple words can represent multiple objects) exceed the number of all the particles in the Universe, and it seems that no amount ...
Highly emotional events tend to be well remembered. The adaptive value in this is clear – those events that have a bearing on survival should be stored for future use as long-term memories whereas memories of inconsequential events would not as likely contribute to future survival. Enduring changes in the structure and function of synapses, neural circuitry, and ultimately behavior, can be modulated by highly aversive or rewarding experiences. In the last decade, the convergence of cellular, molecular, and systems neuroscience has produced new insights into the biological mechanisms that determine whether a memory will be stored for the long-term or lost forever. This Research Topic brings together leading experts, who work at multiple levels of analysis, to reveal recent discoveries and concepts regarding the synaptic mechanisms of consolidation and extinction of emotionally arousing memories.
Receiving a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, or some other brain-related illness is devastating. It feels like life, as you know it, is over, and you are powerless to do anything about it. Your future may seem like nothing but a long black tunnel of decreasing cognitive function, declining mobility, depression, and premature death. Even your physician may share this gloomy view. The good news is, you have more control over your brain health than you think! With the exception of cancer, many brain illnesses can be reversed through a combination of diet, exercise, supplements, proper sleep, avoiding and removing toxins from the body, and takin...