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Meningitis is an infection of the fluid of a person's spinal cord and the fluid that surrounds the brain. People sometimes refer to it as spinal meningitis. Meningitis is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Knowing whether meningitis is caused by a virus or bacterium is important because the severity of illness and the treatment differ. Viral meningitis is generally less severe and resolves without specific treatment, while bacterial meningitis can be quite severe and may result in brain damage, hearing loss, or learning disability. For bacterial meningitis, it is also important to know which type of bacteria is causing the meningitis because antibiotics can prevent some types from spreading and infecting other people. Before the 1990s, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, but new vaccines being given to all children as part of their routine immunizations have reduced the occurrence of invasive disease due to H. influenzae. Today, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitides are the leading causes of bacterial meningitis.
This advanced level textbook provides a comprehensive overview ofrecent developments in the area of molecular based diagnostics(including nucleic acids, biosensors and immunoessays) of diseasemarkers. It also covers the impact of techniques such as in vitronucleic acid amplifications (e.g. PCR) and other amplificationmethods, as well as gene and biochip production and automatedtechniques such as fluorescent sequencing. The book discusses key concepts where new and merging areas,including pharmacogenomics, proteomics and functional genomics, arebeing researched and developed. In addition, examples are givenwhere this new area of bioscience has or may be successfullyapplied.
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As communication and networking (CN) become specialized and fragmented, it is easy to lose sight that many topics in CN have common threads and because of this, advances in one sub-discipline may transmit to another. The presentation of results between different sub-disciplines of CN encourages this interchange for the advan- ment of CN as a whole. Of particular interest is the hybrid approach of combining ideas from one discipline with those of another to achieve a result that is more signi- cant than the sum of the individual parts. Through this hybrid philosophy, a new or common principle can be discovered which has the propensity to propagate throu- out this multifaceted discipline. This...
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Liaozhai Zhiyi (Liaozhai; Chinese: 聊齋, or 聊齋誌異), called in English Strange Tales from a Chinese Lonely Studio is a collection of Classical Chinese stories by Pu Songling comprising close to five hundred "marvel tales" in the zhiguai and chuanqi styles which serve to implicitly criticise societal issues then. Dating back to the Qing dynasty, its earliest publication date is given as 1740. Since then, many of the critically lauded stories have been adapted for other media such as film and television. The main characters of this book apparently are ghosts, foxes, immortals and demons, but the author focused on the everyday life of commoners. He used the supernatural and the unexplainable to illustrate his ideas of society and government. He criticized the corruption and injustice in society and sympathized with the poor. The book is complete translation of all volumes (Vol. 1 to 12) of Liaozhai.
Access to accurate, evidence-based, and clinically relevant information is essential to anyone who uses or recommends herbal products. With input from some of the most respected experts in herbal and integrative medicine, this completely revised edition of the American Herbal Products Association’s Botanical Safety Handbook reviews both traditional knowledge and contemporary research on herbs to provide an authoritative resource on botanical safety. The book covers more than 500 species of herbs and provides a holistic understanding of safety through data compiled from clinical trials, pharmacological and toxicological studies, medical case reports, and historical texts. For each species, ...
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