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This book offers the reader an overview of the basic approaches to the theoretical description of low-temperature plasmas, covering numerical methods, mathematical models and modeling techniques. The main methods of calculating the cross sections of plasma particle interaction and the solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation for determining the transport coefficients of the plasma are also presented. The results of calculations of thermodynamic properties, transport coefficients, the equilibrium particle-interaction cross sections and two-temperature plasmas are also discussed. Later chapters consider applications, and the results of simulation and calculation of plasma parameters in induction and arc plasma torches are presented. The complex physical processes in high-frequency plasmas and arc plasmas, the internal and external parameters of plasma torches, near-electrode processes, heat transfer, the flow of solid particles in plasmas and other phenomena are considered. The book is intended for professionals involved in the theoretical study of low-temperature plasmas and the design of plasma torches, and will be useful for advanced students in related areas.
Learning to Think Spatially examines how spatial thinking might be incorporated into existing standards-based instruction across the school curriculum. Spatial thinking must be recognized as a fundamental part of Kâ€"12 education and as an integrator and a facilitator for problem solving across the curriculum. With advances in computing technologies and the increasing availability of geospatial data, spatial thinking will play a significant role in the information-based economy of the twenty-first century. Using appropriately designed support systems tailored to the Kâ€"12 context, spatial thinking can be taught formally to all students. A geographic information system (GIS) offers one example of a high-technology support system that can enable students and teachers to practice and apply spatial thinking in many areas of the curriculum.
This Guide aims to assist users in searching for technology information using patent documents, a rich source of technical, legal and business information presented in a generally standardized format and often not reproduced anywhere else. Though the Guide focuses on patent information, many of the search techniques described here can also be applied in searching other non-patent sources of technology information.
The essential reference of clinical virology Virology is one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing fields of clinical medicine. For example, sequencing techniques from human specimens have identified numerous new members of several virus families, including new polyomaviruses, orthomyxoviruses, and bunyaviruses. Clinical Virology, Fourth Edition, has been extensively revised and updated to incorporate the latest developments and relevant research. Chapters written by internationally recognized experts cover novel viruses, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, organized into two major sections: Section 1 provides information regarding broad topics in virology, i...
Drawing on the author’s forty-plus years of experience as a researcher in the interaction of charged particles with matter, this book emphasizes the theoretical description of fundamental phenomena. Special attention is given to classic topics such as Rutherford scattering; the theory of particle stopping; the statistical description of energy loss and multiple scattering and numerous more recent developments.
This exceptional volume deals with the hotly contested legal status of the Paracels and the Spratlys, two inhospitable archipelagos located in the South China Sea, sovereignty over which is disputed by several states. The author investigates the contribution which international law can make towards determining the rights of all parties involved. In order to do so she goes back into history to find out at each stage what the actual situation was and what its legal significance was in terms of the legal categories of the time. The originality of this work, compared to others already published on this topic, lies in its analysis of the valuable French archives. Not only these archives, but also existing legal writings have served as a basis for the investigation into the status of the archipelagos. The book sheds new and significant light on this important question.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third Pacific-Asia Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, PAKDD '99, held in Beijing, China, in April 1999. The 29 revised full papers presented together with 37 short papers were carefully selected from a total of 158 submissions. The book is divided into sections on emerging KDD technology; association rules; feature selection and generation; mining in semi-unstructured data; interestingness, surprisingness, and exceptions; rough sets, fuzzy logic, and neural networks; induction, classification, and clustering; visualization; causal models and graph-based methods; agent-based and distributed data mining; and advanced topics and new methodologies.
This book encapsulates my learning of Mathematics from the period when I was in Primary School to now in Junior College. From appreciating proofs to understanding the history of Mathematics, Mathematicians and their contributions, I gradually understood its importance not just as a subject, but something which connects us with the real world. It features the many conversations I had with my parents, friends and teachers across time regarding Mathematics and how they have impacted me. The book is a great learning resource for students who wish to learn more about Mathematics through my personal experiences and hopefully, be influenced by my 18-year journey.