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This book explores the social economic processes of inequality in nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century rural China. Drawing on uniquely rich source materials, Shuang Chen provides a comprehensive view of the creation of a social hierarchy wherein the state classified immigrants to the Chinese county of Shuangcheng into distinct categories, each associated with different land entitlements. The resulting patterns of wealth stratification and social hierarchy were then simultaneously challenged and reinforced by local people. The tensions built into the unequal land entitlements shaped the identities of immigrant groups, and this social hierarchy persisted even after the institution of unequal state entitlements was removed. State-Sponsored Inequality offers an in-depth understanding of the key factors that contribute to social stratification in agrarian societies. Moreover, it sheds light on the many parallels between the stratification system in nineteenth-century Shuangcheng and structural inequality in contemporary China.
This two-volume set of LNAI 13028 and LNAI 13029 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2021, held in Qingdao, China, in October 2021. The 66 full papers, 23 poster papers, and 27 workshop papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 446 submissions. They are organized in the following areas: Fundamentals of NLP; Machine Translation and Multilinguality; Machine Learning for NLP; Information Extraction and Knowledge Graph; Summarization and Generation; Question Answering; Dialogue Systems; Social Media and Sentiment Analysis; NLP Applications and Text Mining; and Multimodality and Explainability.
This two-volume set of LNAI 13551 and 13552 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2022, held in Guilin, China, in September 2022. The 62 full papers, 21 poster papers, and 27 workshop papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 327 submissions. They are organized in the following areas: Fundamentals of NLP; Machine Translation and Multilinguality; Machine Learning for NLP; Information Extraction and Knowledge Graph; Summarization and Generation; Question Answering; Dialogue Systems; Social Media and Sentiment Analysis; NLP Applications and Text Mining; and Multimodality and Explainability.
An autobiographical story, Cobblestones describes the life story of the author from his early days in Germany, his emigration during the Nazi period, his separation from his family and his difficulties in obtaining a visa to come to the United States, resolved finally only through the intercession of Professor Albert Einstein. In his new country he had to learn English and adapt to the new countrys culture in Waterford, NY, a small central New York village, and later Cohoes, NY where he graduated as valedictorian of his high school class. After college and graduate school, he joined industry and within a decade rose to head a department with over 100 persons. This was followed by a move to academia - New York University, then Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and finally Rutgers University, from where he retired. In industry he designed one of the early computers (for which he received the IEEE Pioneer Award). He was active in some of the leading computer professional organizations, traveled widely in the US, Europe, Asia, and South America, and received many awards. Just prior to retirement he founded and successfully led a pioneering software company for eight years.
Provides an alternative to both capitalist and communist conceptions of modern historical development based on relations to property
The two volume set LNCS 3173/3174 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2004, held in Dalian, China in August 2004. The 329 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 800 submissions. The papers span the entire scope of neural computing and its applications; they are organized in 11 major topical parts on theoretical analysis; learning and optimization; support vector machines; blind source separation, independent component analysis, and principal component analysis; clustering and classification; robotics and control; telecommunications; signal image, and time series analysis; biomedical applications; detection, diagnosis, and computer security; and other applications.
This edited volume discusses the impact of several major databases containing historical longitudinal population data. The creation and development of these databases have greatly expanded research possibilities in history, demography, sociology, and other disciplines. The present collection includes seven contributions, on eight databases, that had a wide impact on research in various disciplines. Each database had its own unique genesis and readers are informed about how these databases have changed the course of research in historical demography and related disciplines, how settled findings were challenged or confirmed, and how innovative investigations were launched and implemented. The volume serves as an essential resource for scholars in the field of historical life course studies, offering insights into the transformative power of these databases and their potential for future advancements.
In the second half of the twentieth century, studies in Chinese painting history have been greatly aided by several major lists of Chinese artists and their works. Published between 1956 and 1980, these lists were limited to Imperial China. The current index covers the period from 1912 to around 1980. It includes the names of approximately 3,500 traditional-style artists along with lists of their works, reproduced in some 264 monographs, books, journals, and catalogs published from the 1920s to around 1980. With a few exceptions, artists working after 1949 outside continental China are excluded. Revised Edition, 1998; first published by the Asian Studies Program, University of Oregon, 1984.
A study of marriage in preindustrial Europe and Asia that goes beyond the Malthusian East–West dichotomy to find variation within regions and commonality across regions. Since Malthus, an East–West dichotomy has been used to characterize marriage behavior in Asia and Europe. Marriages in Asia were said to be early and universal, in Europe late and non-universal. In Europe, marriages were supposed to be the result of individual choices but, in Asia, decided by families and communities. This book challenges this binary taxonomy of marriage patterns and family systems. Drawing on richer and more nuanced data, the authors compare the interpretations based on aggregate demographic patterns wi...