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Fetal medicine has emerged as a separate subspecialty over the last 30 years as a result of major advances in a number of areas, in particular ultrasound imaging, cytogenetics, molecular biology and biochemistry. The widespread use of antenatal screening and diagnostic tests has led to an increased need for obstetricians to have knowledge and skills in fetal medicine. This book provides the information that underpins training programmes in fetal medicine and integrates science and clinical disciplines in a practical and useful way. Clinical sections include: the latest advances in prenatal screening; a systems-based presentation of the diagnosis and management of fetal malformations; complete coverage of common and rare fetal conditions including growth restriction, endocrine and platelet disorders, early pregnancy loss, and twins/multiple pregnancy. More focus on important basic-science concepts, such as maternofetal cell trafficking, and the relevance to clinical management.
Mammalian pregnancy represents a unique immunological riddle in that the mother does not reject her allogeneic fetus. In part this is largely due to a general sequestration or diminution of T cell activity, and an increased involvement of the innate immune system. The field of immunology is concerned primarily with how innate and adaptive mechanisms collaborate to protect vertebrates from infection. Although many cellular and molecular actors have evidently important roles, antibodies and lymphocytes are considered to be the principal players. Yet despite their importance, it would be definitely simplistic to conclude that they are solely essential for immunity overall. A major distinction b...
NETosis, a form of cell death that manifests by the release of decondensed chromatin to the extracellular space, provides valuable insights into mechanisms and consequences of cellular demise. Because extracellular chromatin can immobilize microbes, the extended nucleohistone network was called a neutrophil extracellular trap (NET), and the process of chromatin release was proposed to serve an innate immune defense function. Extracellular chromatin NETs were initially observed in studies of neutrophils and are most prominent in these types of granulocytes. Subsequent studies showed that other granulocytes and, in a limited way, other cells of the innate immune response may also release nucle...
Is noninvasive, risk-free prenatal diagnosis of fetal genetic characteristics still a fantasy, or will it soon become reality? The current status of both the leading European research groups as well as the NIH-funded NIFTY study are reported here, indicating that certain fetal genetic traits can now be examined efficiently in a noninvasive manner. Considerable focus is placed on new laser-mediated systems for the effective micro-manipulation of single fetal cells, as well as their analysis by single-cell PCR and the pitfalls to avoid when performing such analyses. Other issues addressed in depth include: novel enrichment techniques, optimal fetal cell recognition, fetal cell culture, as well as the exciting finding that fetal cell traffic is elevated in certain pregnancy-related disorders, most prominently in preeclampsia. This publication is of interest to researchers in the field, genetic counsellors, gynecologists and obstetricians, and researchers in microchimerism, transplantation and transfusion medicine.
This book is a comprehensive work that spans the gap between basic knowledge and clinical significance of the placenta. Starting from normal development, it deals with the histopathology of the placenta, leads the reader on to functional disorders and insufficiencies and explains their effects on mother and child. Based on this, the authors convey in a practical and user-friendly manner everything worth knowing about diagnostics and therapy and provide valuable information for the optimal care of the pregnant patient.
A technique used to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is at the forefront of the dramatic development of biochemistry. This text provides the tools for developing innovative approaches to using this leading technology. It includes theoretical considerations, discussions, and a selection of
The Self, and Other Stories is an autoethnographic reflection on the value in the act of writing, illuminating the life of the researcher—in particular the researcher as human. Shepherd explores the multitudes of the academic, feminist self through expanding vocabularies of how scholars, researchers, writers, teachers, and academics can make sense of their worlds. At the intersection of international relations theory and the personal, Shepherd presents seven reflexive essays on aspects of being and knowing as she has encountered them. The essays are grounded in and inspired by her experiences as a way of asking readers to imagine how knowledge production in the social sciences might look different if we could create and hold space for different ways of writing, being, and knowing. The disciplining practices which produce our limited modes of academic expression can be encountered otherwise. She calls on us to reflect on academic subjectification across the interconnected spaces we simultaneously inhabit and produce.
The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. Now with more than 300 volumes (all of them still in print), the series contains much material still relevant today—truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. - Basic Principles, Specialized Uses, and Genetic Applications - LCM and its application in genomics and proteomics - Fluorescence in situ hybridization of LCM isolated nuclei from paraffin sections - Noncontact laser catapulting for the functional genomics and proteomics - Use of LCM for clonal analysis, in carcinoma analysis, to assess development, in complex tissue, in pathology, gene discovery, and more