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The first model for the distribution of ions near the surface of a metal electrode was devised by Helmholtz in 1874. He envisaged two parallel sheets of charges of opposite sign located one on the metal surface and the other on the solution side, a few nanometers away, exactly as in the case of a parallel plate capacitor. The rigidity of such a model was allowed for by Gouy and Chapman inde pendently, by considering that ions in solution are subject to thermal motion so that their distribution from the metal surface turns out diffuse. Stern recognized that ions in solution do not behave as point charges as in the Gouy-Chapman treatment, and let the center of the ion charges reside at some di...
Ballistic Materials and Penetration Mechanics deals with ballistically protective materials and penetration mechanics. The book discusses historical and practical considerations of ballistic protection, including metallic armor, as well as ballistic testing methodology, the ability of a protective material to stop or slow down a particular projectile, and the theoretical aspects of penetration mechanics. It also highlights the importance of stress wave analysis in the penetration and spalling phenomena. Organized into 12 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the history of the armor and the modern helmet. It proceeds with a discussion of variations in ballistic test methods, error...
Contains papers from five separate symposia of the 194th Meeting of the Electrochemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts, in November 1998. Papers reflect recent findings in aqueous batteries, battery applications, batteries for the 21st century, corrosion in batteries and fuel cells, and exploratory research and development of batteries and supercapacitors for electric and hybrid vehicles. Specific topics include nickel hydroxide and manganese dioxide electrode materials and compositions in primary and rechargeable batteries, power source modeling and performance, novel high voltage cathode materials, microbatteries, and lithium polymer electrolyte batteries. Lacks a subject index. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
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Professional publication of the RD & A community.
Applications of Piezoelectric Quartz Crystal Microbalances deals with the theory, design, artifacts, and varied applications of the piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance. Applications of microbalances range from thin film deposition process control to simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature, analytical chemistry, and space system contamination studies. Stress effects in microbalances are also considered. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with a historical background and overview of applications of piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalances, followed by an analysis of the theory and practice of microbalances. The role of acoustic impedance in a quartz crystal microbalance and design considerations for a microbalance are given emphasis. Subsequent chapters focus on applications of microbalances in thin film deposition process control; simultaneous measurement of mass and temperature; surface science and analytical chemistry; plasma-assisted etching and space system contamination studies; and aerosol mass measurement. This monograph will be of interest to students and practitioners of physics, chemistry, and materials science.