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Systems driven far from thermodynamic equilibrium can create dissipative structures through the spontaneous breaking of symmetries. A particularly fascinating feature of these pattern-forming systems is their tendency to produce spatially confined states. These localized wave packets can exist as propagating entities through space and/or time. Various examples of such systems will be dealt with in this book, including localized states in fluids, chemical reactions on surfaces, neural networks, optical systems, granular systems, population models, and Bose-Einstein condensates. This book should appeal to all physicists, mathematicians and electrical engineers interested in localization in far-from-equilibrium systems. The authors - all recognized experts in their fields - strive to achieve a balance between theoretical and experimental considerations thereby giving an overview of fascinating physical principles, their manifestations in diverse systems, and the novel technical applications on the horizon.
This book presents recent advances, new ideas and novel techniques related to the field of nonlinear dynamics, including localized pattern formation, self-organization and chaos. Various natural systems ranging from nonlinear optics to mechanics, fluids and magnetic are considered. The aim of this book is to gather specialists from these various fields of research to promote cross-fertilization and transfer of knowledge between these active research areas. In particular, nonlinear optics and laser physics constitute an important part in this issue due to the potential applications for all-optical control of light, optical storage, and information processing. Other possible applications include the generation of ultra-short pulses using all-fiber cavities.
Now ubiquitous in public discussions about cutting-edge science and technology, nanoscience has generated many advances and inventions, from the development of new quantum mechanical methods to far-reaching applications in electronics and medical diagnostics. Ushering in the next technological era, Fundamentals of Picoscience focuses on the instrumentation and experiments emerging at the picometer scale. One picometer is the length of a trillionth of a meter. Compared to a human cell of typically ten microns, this is roughly ten million times smaller. In this state-of-the-art book, international scientists and researchers at the forefront of the field present the materials and methods used a...
For over four decades there has been continuous progress in adaptive optics technology, theory, and systems development. Recently there also has been an explosion of applications of adaptive optics throughout the fields of communications and medicine in addition to its original uses in astronomy and beam propagation. This volume is a compilation of research and tutorials from a variety of international authors with expertise in theory, engineering, and technology. Eight chapters include discussion of retinal imaging, solar astronomy, wavefront-sensorless adaptive optics systems, liquid crystal wavefront correctors, membrane deformable mirrors, digital adaptive optics, optical vortices, and coupled anisoplanatism.
The first book of its kind to introduce the fundamentals, basic features and models, potential applications and novel phenomena and its important applications in liquid crystal technology. Recognized leader in the field Gaetano Assanto outlines the peculiar characteristics of nematicons and the promise they have for the future growth of this captivating new field.
Ch. 1. Introduction. 1.1. Stability theory revisited. 1.2. Instabilities and nonlinear events in everyday life. 1.3 Postscript -- ch. 2. Essentials. 2.1. Probabilistic and information theoretic measures. 2.2. Matrix manipulations. 2.3. Delay-differential equations. 2.4. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem. 2.5. The Fokker-Planck equation. 2.6. Numerical techniques for the simulation of stochastic equations. 2.7. Experimental aspects of generating noise. 2.8. Complex integration -- ch. 3. Noise induced temporal phenomena. 3.1. Escape from metastable states. 3.2. Stochastic resonance in bistable systems. 3.3. Postscript -- ch. 4. Adding spatial dimensions. 4.1. Spatiotemporal stochastic resonance. 4.2. Doubly stochastic resonance. 4.3. Spatial patterns. 4.4. Postscript -- ch. 5. Stochastic transport phenomena. 5.1. Noise-sustained structures in convectively unstable media. 5.2. Noise sustained front transmission. 5.3. Theory. 5.4. Noise enhanced wave propagation. 5.5. Stochastic ratchets and Brownian motors. 5.6. Postscript -- ch. 6. Sundry topics. 6.1. Minority game. 6.2. Traffic dynamics. 6.3. Dithering. 6.4. Noise in neural networks -- ch. 7. Afterthoughts
BOOK OF ABSTRACTS CHAOS 2016 Chaotic Modeling and Simulation International Conference London, U.K., 23-26 May 2016
Wave Turbulence refers to the statistical theory of weakly nonlinear dispersive waves. There is a wide and growing spectrum of physical applications, ranging from sea waves, to plasma waves, to superfluid turbulence, to nonlinear optics and Bose-Einstein condensates. Beyond the fundamentals the book thus also covers new developments such as the interaction of random waves with coherent structures (vortices, solitons, wave breaks), inverse cascades leading to condensation and the transitions between weak and strong turbulence, turbulence intermittency as well as finite system size effects, such as “frozen” turbulence, discrete wave resonances and avalanche-type energy cascades. This book is an outgrow of several lectures courses held by the author and, as a result, written and structured rather as a graduate text than a monograph, with many exercises and solutions offered along the way. The present compact description primarily addresses students and non-specialist researchers wishing to enter and work in this field.
The origin of the word synchronization is a greek root, meaning "to share the common time". The original meaning of synchronization has been maintained up to now in the colloquial use of this word, as agreement or correlation in time of different processes. Historically, the analysis of synchronization phenomena in the evolution of dynamical systems has been a subject of active investigation since the earlier days of physics. Recently, the search for synchronization has moved to chaotic systems. In this latter framework, the appearance of collective (synchronized) dynamics is, in general, not trivial. Indeed, a dynamical system is called chaotic whenever its evolution sensitively depends on ...