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Tracing the links between the monetary phenomena of the post-World War I German inflation and its political roots, this study provides a non-technical explanation of the economics of inflation and explores the political events and institutions that contributed to the Weimar Republic's economic difficulties. Webb discusses such topics as Reichsbank credit and monetary policy; output and unemployment; government revenue and spending; capitalism, democracy, and reparations; and the political economy of Reichsbank policy.
Evolution af the enemy.
World Bank Discussion Paper No. 364. This technical paper is a review of eight intensified systems of land use on unirrigated farms in developing countries. The study proposes three complementary sets of conditions necessary for farming systems to be sustainable in the long run: public sector policies and investments; private farmers, their families, and institutions; and scientific principles, natural resource endowments, and ecological systems. The farming systems include dairy development in Uruguay, fallow land in Turkey, associated cropping in Colombia and Nigeria, the opening of the Cerrados region of Brazil, the development of tillage and soybean farms in India, and perennial crop development in Kenya and Malaysia. Each case brings out the interactions among sound scientific and practical knowledge, market factors, social contexts, and public policies and investments.
The three forces of democratization, decentralization, and development have swept the world over the last decade and redrawn the maps of politics, power, and prosperity. Modern Mexico has been fully engaged in the trio, making it a rich case study. In recent years, enhanced political competition has redistributed decisionmaking across all levels of government, making the government more accountable to the average citizen. It has also given subnational governments a renewed role as economic agents. The taxation, spending, borrowing, and institutions of Mexican states and municipalities are now increasingly under the rigor of market discipline. The combined, closer scrutiny of voters and finan...
The democratization of a national government is only a first step in diffusing democracy throughout a country's territory. Even after a national government is democratized, subnational authoritarian 'enclaves' often continue to deny rights to citizens of local jurisdictions. Gibson offers new theoretical perspectives for the study of democratization in his exploration of this phenomenon. His theory of 'boundary control' captures the conflict pattern between incumbents and oppositions when a national democratic government exists alongside authoritarian provinces (or 'states'). He also reveals how federalism and the territorial organization of countries shape how subnational authoritarian regimes are built and how they unravel. Through a novel comparison of the late nineteenth-century American 'Solid South' with contemporary experiences in Argentina and Mexico, Gibson reveals that the mechanisms of boundary control are reproduced across countries and historical periods. As long as subnational authoritarian governments coexist with national democratic governments, boundary control will be at play.
Recent experiences in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico.
Abstract: May 1999 - Argentina and Brazil-two of the most decentralized public sectors in Latin America and (along with Colombia and India) among the most decentralized democracies in the developing world-faced similar problems in the 1980s: excessive public deficits and high inflation exacerbated by subnational deficits. In the 1990s, Argentina was more successful at macroeconomic stabilization, partly because it imposed harder budget constraints on the public sector nationally and partly because it had stronger party control of both national legislators and subnational governments. In shifting to decentralized public finances, a country's central government faces certain fiscal management ...
Among the lessons from Turkey's experience with economic policy reform: The political management of reform requires building and institutionalizing coalitions of beneficiaries from reform.