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Methodological Quality of Interventions in Psychology
Evaluations of intervention programs seek to present high-quality design, measures and data to assess their merit and worth. While evaluations differ in their purpose, theoretical framework and methodology, their collective aim is to obtain relevant and meaningful information to inform practice, research, and policy. As such, evaluation findings serve to build a body of knowledge on effective approaches to promote designated psychological outcomes, critical to an individual's overall health and well-being. However, as examined in this e-book, methodological weaknesses directly limit the potential of evaluations of intervention programs. As discussed by Chacón-Moscoso and Sanduvete-Chaves, m...
Systematic Observation: Engaging Researchers in the Study of Daily Life as It Is Lived
Assessment in natural contexts through observation is unquestionably complex. Systematic observation grounded in observational methodology offers a wide range of possibilities to the rigorous study of everyday behavior in their natural context. These possibilities have been enriched in recent decades with the explosion of information and communication technologies. In this eBook we assemble 23 articles from several researchers who have made important contributions to this evolving field. The articles included in this eBook has been organized with a first part on general methodological developments and a second part with methodological contributions that emphasize different application areas. Considering the enormous possibilities of the systematic observation in the study of daily life, we hope this eBook will be useful to understand innovative applications in different fields.
Exploring the Future of Christian Monasticisms
The institution of monasticism in the Christian Church is in general decline, at least in so-called “first world” nations. Though there are many reasons for this, monastic leaders are confronted by the reality of fewer communities, monks, and nuns nonetheless. At the same time, many younger Christians are rediscovering the rich heritage of the monastic tradition. Though they themselves might not be called to join a traditional monastery, they are eager to appropriate monastic practices in their own lives. This had led to a movement known as the “new monasticism” or “secular monasticism.” Despite lacking a unified vision and any central organization, these new/secular monastics ar...
Behavior and Self-Similarity between Nano and Human Scales: From T-pattern and T-string Analysis (TPA) with THEME to T-Societies
This project was inspired in the sixties by primatologist D. Morris’s “The Naked Ape”, Niko Tinbergen, K. Lorenz, and K. von Frisch ethological research rewarded in 1973 by a shared Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology and E. O. Wilson’s 1975 opus “Sociobiology”. Other important inspirations were B. F. Skinner’s work on probabilistic real-time contingencies, N. Chomsky’s on syntactic structure and creativity, H. Montagner’s on interactions in social insects and children, S. Duncan’s on turn-taking in human dyadic interactions, and Richard Dawkins’ on behavioral hierarchy and detection algorithms. Structured animal mass-societies (>104 individuals) are only found in insects and modern humans and understanding their similarities and differences became a major aim through a search for hidden interaction patterns. Existing multivariate and artificial neural network methods and models lacked adequate description and detection of complex real-time patterns requiring new mathematical time structure (1-D) models, now the T-system, with detection algorithms and software (THEME™).
Attention and Motor Skill Learning
This is an ideal text for motor behaviour and cognitive psychology courses, as well as a reference for professionals with an interest in motor behaviour and human movement. It explores how focus of attention can affect motor performance, particularly the learning of motor skills.
Constructing Test Items
Constructing test items for standardized tests of achievement, ability, and aptitude is a task of enormous importance. The interpretability of a test's scores flows directly from the quality of its items and exercises. Concomitant with score interpretability is the notion that including only carefully crafted items on a test is the primary method by which the skilled test developer reduces unwanted error variance, or errors of measurement, and thereby increases a test score's reliability. The aim of this entire book is to increase the test constructor's awareness of this source of measurement error, and then to describe methods for identifying and minimizing it during item construction and l...
Routledge Handbook of Sport Expertise
Understanding and developing expertise is an important concern for any researcher or practitioner working in elite or high performance sport. Whether it's identifying talented young athletes or developing methods for integrating cutting-edge sport science into daily coaching practice, scientists, coaches and researchers all need to understand the skills, characteristics, and knowledge that distinguish the expert performer in sport. The Routledge Handbook of Sport Expertise is the first book to offer a comprehensive overview of current research and practice in the emerging field of sports expertise. Adopting a multi-disciplinary, multi-faceted approach, the book offers in-depth discussion of ...
Paralanguage
This is the first interdisciplinary book-length treatment of paralanguage, briefly defined as: nonverbal vocal or narial communication. After sensitizing the reader to our sound-generating movements and to all human external and environmental sounds for their unquestionable communicative qualities, it realistically combines an anatomical-physiological auditory approach to voice production (identifying many neglected articulations) with the analysis of its visual manifestations as the triple reality of speech: language-paralanguage-kinesics. The primary qualities of speech (loudness, pitch etc.) are extensively discussed, as are the many voice qualities. The longest chapter in the book deals ...
