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The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an established tool to study mechanisms of innate immunity. Drosophila flies and larvae launch elegant humoral and cellular innate immune responses against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. The humoral immune response is based on microbial recognition primarily by peptidoglycan recognition proteins leading to the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In the past few decades, Drosophilists have dissected how flies react to systemic bacterial and fungal infections at the molecular level and shown how these mechanisms are conserved from human to man. Fly humoral immune response is mainly mediated by two evolutionarily conserved NF-κB signal...
This volume investigates the multifaceted SHAPES (socio-historic, artistic, political, and ecological significance) of global disease. It challenges conventional views of infection and transmission by associating epidemics with ideologies and their accompanying institutions. It argues that the physical threat of epidemics is irrevocably linked to culture, economic resources, social class, and power. Epidemics involve both the infected and non-infected, affect the local and global, and they expose control and neglect. This book provides a radical collaborative approach, drawing contributors from closely related and vastly distant fields in the search for innovative ways to address human suffe...
Ensimmäinen suomalainen, kansantajuinen opas muistisairauksista. Muistisairaus koskettaa tavalla tai toisella useimpia meistä. Kuka sairastuu itse, kenellä läheinen tai ystävä. Muistisairaus pelottaa ja ahdistaa niin sairastunutta kuin hänen omaisiaankin. Mitä muistisairausdiagnoosi tarkoittaa? Miten sairaus etenee? Voiko Alzheimeria ennaltaehkäistä tai sen kehitystä hidastaa ruokavaliolla ja elämäntavoilla? Miten muistisairauksia voidaan hoitaa lääketieteen keinoin? Mistä täydentävistä hoidoista saattaa olla apua? Mistä voi saada apua käytännön kysymyksissä? Miten yhteiskunta tukee muistisairaan hoitoa? Mitä turvalaitteita on olemassa? Mitä laki sanoo muistisairaan...
This book discusses how to deal ethically with people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in the police, courts and correctional services. Ethical and legal issues associated with the deficits of individuals with a brain disorders such as FASD are surfacing more and more frequently in criminal proceedings. People with FASD often have not been diagnosed and rarely exhibit any visible evidence of the disorder. It has been argued that this invisible disability puts them in a disadvantaged position in the justice system, since the awareness of this condition is limited. The need to identify and to address FASD more effectively and the many ethical issues this raises within the context of the law is increasingly acknowledged within judicial and legislative branches, as well as in government departments, agencies and community programs that provide services to those with FASD and their caretakers and families. This is the first book to give to elaborate on ethical and legal issues of FASD.
Based on the assumption that invertebrates as well as vertebrates possess factors regulating hematopoiesis, response to infection or wounding, studies dealing with the evolution of immunity have focused on the isolation and characterization of putative cytokine-related molecules from invertebrates. Until recently, most of our knowledge of cytokine- and cytokine receptor-like molecules in invertebrates has relied on functional assays and similarities at the physicochemical level. As such, a phylogenetic relationship between invertebrate cytokine-like molecules and invertebrate counterparts could not be convincingly demonstrated. In the present book, recent studies demonstrating cytokine-like activities and related signaling pathways in invertebrates are critically reviewed, focusing on findings from molecular biology and taking advantage of the completion of the genome from the fly Drosophila and the worm Caenorhabditis elegans.
Zeitgeschichte stellt für den Geschichtsunterricht eine wichtige Epoche dar. 1989 gilt im Rahmen dieser als Epochenzäsur. Zudem nehmen Geschichtslehrpersonen eine Schlüsselposition für ihren Unterricht ein, auf den eigene Geschichtsbilder und didaktisch-methodische Überzeugungen Einfluss nehmen. Welche Überzeugungen haben Geschichtslehrpersonen also hinsichtlich des „Epochenjahres" 1989 sowie Zeitgeschichte im Allgemeinen. Besonders aufschlussreich ist die Perspektive junger westdeutscher Lehrkräfte angesichts der immer wieder aufkommenden gesellschaftspolitischen Diskussionen um Ost und West. Die Studie verfolgt einen triangulativen Ansatz: Geführt und analysiert wurden Leitfadeni...