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Mathematical models are useful tools to understand the epidemiology and agent-host interaction of diseases. They are developed and applied since over a century, but with increasing computer capacity, they become increasingly prominent as part of evidence based decision making. Mathematical models are frequently used to construct preparedness and contingency plans for highly contagious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease. This allows proposing effective strategies to control the spread of the disease in case of an incursion, and avails useful tools to support decision making during an outbreak. They are also used to monitor, prevent and control endemic diseases within populations or farms...
This concise, easy-to-use book offers expert insights into current controversies in vascular neurosurgery with a view to providing the practitioner with authoritative practical guidance that will assist in the management of difficult disease entities. While vascular neurosurgery has undergone unprecedented advances during the past decade, enabling safer and easier access to previously untreatable pathology, this progress has been accompanied by confusion as to what constitutes best, or even acceptable, practice. Here, experts in the field discuss the various tools available and explain how best to use them when confronted by different pathologies, drawing upon their personal experience. Each...
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Contingency planning in the area of animal health is all about preparing for threats and outbreaks of exotic disease, i.e. a disease not present in the country. The objective of contingency planning is to encourage livestock keepers, producers and manufacturers of food and feed, veterinarians in the private and public sector and relevant governmental institutions to think about major contingencies and possible response. The planning involves the development of contingency plans based on the four pillars: prevention, preparation, response and recovery and the conduct of simulation exercises.This report presents an overview of contingency planning related to animal diseases, preparedness for natural disasters, experiences gained from outbreaks of African swine fever in Baltic and Eastern European countries and contains the Memorandum of Understanding on a Nordic-Baltic Animal Health Emergency Reserve and on Nordic- Baltic Veterinary Contingency Planning Studies.
With the internationalization of the movement of both human and commodities, many animal diseases that were once considered endemic in certain local region are currently being reported as transboundary infectious diseases in many parts of the world. The recent outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) in Asia & Pacific region is a prime example: ASF spread rapidly to neighboring countries after the first outbreak was reported in China in 2018. Classical swine fever (CSF), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), which are equally devastating in terms of economic losses as ASF, remain prevalent in Asia & Pacific region and are persistently being reported from various areas.