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On Liberty
At the time it was published in 1859, John Stuart Mill's On Liberty was a radical and controversial work; it argued for the right of individuals to possess freedom from the state in moral and economic matters. Mill declares that "Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign", contrasting this with the "tyranny of the majority." He states that an individual can do anything they like as long as it doesn't harm another - the well-known "harm principle". On Liberty had a huge impact and has remained a relevant philosophical and political text today.
Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness is Joseph Conrad's disturbing novella recounted by the itinerant captain Marlow sent to find and bring home the shadowy and inscrutable Captain Kurtz. Marlow and his men follow a river deep into a jungle, the "Heart of Darkness" of Africa looking for Kurtz, an unhinged leader of an isolated trading station. This highly symbolic psychological drama was the founding myth for Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 movie Apocalypse Now.
Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is philosopher John Stuart Mill's defense and advocacy of utilitarian ethics. First appearing in three magazine articles, this essay was first gathered into a single book in 1863. While Mill discusses utilitarian ethical principles in some of his other writings such as On Liberty and The Subjection of Women, Utilitarianism is Mill's only major discussion of the theory's fundamental grounds.
In a Glass Darkly
In a Glass Darkly collects together five short stories from gothic horror and mystery writer Sheridan Le Fanu. The book, published in 1872 a year before Le Fanu's death, is named from a passage in Corinthians which speaks of humankind perceiving the world "through a glass darkly." The stories are told from the posthumous writings of an occult detective named Dr Martin Hesselius. In Green Tea a clergyman is being driven mad by an evil demon that takes the ephemeral form of a monkey, but is unseen by others as it burdens the victim's mind with psychological torment. In The Familiar, revised from Le Fanu's The Watcher of 1851, a sea captain is stalked by a dwarf, "The Watcher." Is this strange ...
Meditations
Dive into a collection of thought-provoking essays from one of the most remarkable figures in history, Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius. In Meditations, Marcus Aurelius lays out his personal philosophy of stoicism, which involves honing one's discipline and eschewing base or excessive sensual pleasures. A must-read for fans of ancient history and philosophy.
Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, from 1651, is one of the first and most influential arguments towards social contract. Written in the midst of the English Civil War, it concerns the structure of government and society and argues for strong central governance and the rule of an absolute sovereign as the way to avoid civil war and chaos.
The Republic
The Republic is Plato's most famous work and one of the seminal texts of Western philosophy and politics. The characters in this Socratic dialogue - including Socrates himself - discuss whether the just or unjust man is happier. They are the philosopher-kings of imagined cities and they also discuss the nature of philosophy and the soul among other things.
Pirkei Avot
Pirkei Avot, which is most commonly translated as "Chapters of the Fathers," is one of the most important collections of ethical teachings in the tradition of Judaism. Believed to have been compiled in the period between 200 B.C. and 200 A.C., this compendium of ancient wisdom remains just as relevant and inspirational thousands of years later.
Androcles and The Lion
Famed playwright George Bernard Shaw's quirky version of the ancient Androcles fable deftly combines elements of satire and humor along with a surprisingly philosophically complex view of Christianity and religious belief systems in general. This playful take on the issues of persecution and martyrdom is as timely today as it was when initially published a century ago.
The Aeneid
Aeneas appears in The Illiad in vague snatches and starts as a traveling warrior of great piety who was loosely connected to the foundation of Rome. Virgil weaves these fragments into a powerful myth about the founding of Rome in The Aeneid. Aeneas travels from his native Troy to Italy then wages victorious war upon the Latins.
