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Contemporary Hungarian Society
This book examines social change in Hungary, commencing with the period of late-stage socialism, the country's immediate post-communist transition, its subsequent consolidation and the emergence of authoritarian leadership since 2010. The volume seeks to employ a longitudinal and comparative perspective and provides comparison to other central and east European states that emerged from state socialism. The Hungarian regime change of 1989-1990 led to previously unimaginable social and economic transition. In recent decades, regime change and socio-economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe has produced a library of literature, and transition studies has periodically become a discipline in its own right. The author uses an interdisciplinary approach - drawing from social history, sociology, statistics and contemporary history - in order to understand and analyse social change in all its complexity. The book will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students, social scientists, historians, experts and those interested in Hungarian and Central and Eastern European history and social change.
Everyday Life under Communism and After
By providing a survey of consumption and lifestyle in Hungary during the second half of the twentieth century, this book shows how common people lived during and after tumultuous regime changes. After an introduction covering the late 1930s, the study centers on the communist era, and goes on to describe changes in the post-communist period with its legacy of state socialism. Tibor Valuch poses a series of questions. Who could be called rich or poor and how did they live in the various periods? How did living, furnishings, clothing, income, and consumption mirror the structure of the society and its transformations? How could people accommodate their lifestyles to the political and social system? How specific to the regime was consumption after the communist takeover, and how did consumption habits change after the demise of state socialism? The answers, based on micro-histories, statistical data, population censuses and surveys help to understand the complexities of daily life, not only in Hungary, but also in other communist regimes in east-central Europe, with insights on their antecedents and afterlives.
Hungary Under Soviet Domination
György Gyarmati and Tibor Valuch chronicle the significant years between the end of the Second World War and the game-changing events of 1989. During the so-called Rákosi Era, the Communist Party strictly controlled the operation of government and society, but everything changed with the revolution of 1956. The authors follow these events in depth and pay considerable attention to the Kádár Era (1957-1989) and the affect of "Hungarian Socialism."
Social History of Hungary from the Reform Era to the End of the Twentieth Century
This volume analyses the important structural changes and mobility that occurred in Hungary from the middle of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries by using rich statistical and narrative sources, sometimes reaching to certain social stata. The period extending to WWI was the time of the establishment of the capital market economy, which went with the change of the occupational structure, the hierarchy of the status, and the culture. During the period between the two world wars, the territory and the population of the country greatly diminshed. This was also a reason of the slackening of the social mobility and the rigidity of the structure. After WWII, especially during the period of socialism, the political-led change of structure became determinant. All of these made possible the so-called "goulash communism," a change of life-style, from the sixties. From 1989 on, the return of the market capitalism has been forming the structure.
Die ungarische Gesellschaft im Wandel
Der ungarische Systemwandel 1989/90 schuf die Möglichkeit eines bis dahin unvorstellbaren sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Übergangs. Dieser Band untersucht die Prozesse und Folgen dieses Wandels, indem er Antworten u. a. auf folgende Fragen sucht: Welche Faktoren haben die gesellschaftliche Position einzelner Menschen und Gruppen beeinflusst? Inwiefern betraf die Privatisierung die Einkommensverhältnisse und die soziale Ungleichheit? Zum Verständnis der gesellschaftlichen Tatsachen ist eine Analyse von Mentalität, Wertesystem, öffentlichem Denken, politischem Handeln und Alltag nötig. Welche Gewohnheiten, Wertvorstellungen und Mentalitätselemente leben fort, welche Lebens- und Überlebensstrategien haben sich seit dem Systemwechsel herausgebildet?
A Contemporary History of Exclusion
The volume presents the changing situation of the Roma in the second half of the 20th century and examines the politics of the Hungarian state regarding minorities by analyzing legal regulations, policy documents, archival sources and sociological surveys. In the first phase analyzed (1945-61), the authors show the efforts of forced assimilation by the communist state. The second phase (1961-89) began with the party resolution denying nationality status to the Roma. Gypsy culture was equivalent with culture of poverty that must be eliminated. Forced assimilation through labor activities continued. The Roma adapted to new conditions and yet kept their distinct identity. From the 1970s, Roma i...
Precarity in European Film
This volume brings together renowned scholars and early career-researchers in mapping the ways in which European cinema —whether arthouse or mainstream, fictional or documentary, working with traditional or new media— engages with phenomena of precarity, poverty, and social exclusion. It compares how the filmic traditions of different countries reflect the socioeconomic conditions associated with precarity, and illuminates similarities in the iconography of precarious lives across cultures. While some of the contributions deal with the representations of marginalized minorities, others focus on work-related precarity or the depictions of downward mobility. Among other topics, the volume looks at how films grapple with gender inequality, intersectional struggle, discriminatory housing policies, and the specific problems of precarious youth. With its comparative approach to filmic representations of European precarity, this volume makes a major contribution to scholarship on precarity and the representation of social class in contemporary visual culture.
Everyday Life under Communism and After
By providing a survey of consumption and lifestyle in Hungary during the second half of the twentieth century, this book shows how common people lived during and after tumultuous regime changes. After an introduction covering the late 1930s, the study centers on the communist era, and goes on to describe changes in the post-communist period with its legacy of state socialism. Tibor Valuch poses a series of questions. Who could be called rich or poor and how did they live in the various periods? How did living, furnishings, clothing, income, and consumption mirror the structure of the society and its transformations? How could people accommodate their lifestyles to the political and social system? How specific to the regime was consumption after the communist takeover, and how did consumption habits change after the demise of state socialism? The answers, based on micro-histories, statistical data, population censuses and surveys help to understand the complexities of daily life, not only in Hungary, but also in other communist regimes in east-central Europe, with insights on their antecedents and afterlives.
On the Verge of History
Rural women have not had a formative role in the public histories of Central Eastern Europe. Izabella Agárdi aims to correct that by concentrating on their life stories and their connections to general histories. She investigates how Hungarian-speaking, ordinary women in rural contexts born in the 1920s and 1930s remember and talk about the twentieth century they have experienced, and how, through their stories, they articulate historical change and construct themselves as historical subjects. In her analysis, Izabella Agárdi traces the interactions between micro- and macro- narratives as well as the specific tools women of this generation appropriate to talk about personal memories of their often traumatic past. From these stories, a particular mnemonic community emerges, one that speaks from a highly precarious position 'on the verge of history'. It is up to future generations whether these women's experiences will be remembered or forgotten.
A Nation Divided by History and Memory
During the last few decades there has been a growing recognition of the great role that remembering and collective memory play in forming the historical awareness. In addition, the dominant national form of history writing also met some challenges on the side of a transnational approach to the past. In A Nation Divided by History and Memory, a prominent Hungarian historian sheds light on how Hungary’s historical image has become split as a consequence of the differences between the historian’s conceptualisation of national history and its diverse representations in personal and collective memory. The book focuses on the shocking experiences and the intense memorial reactions generated by a few key historical events and the way in which they have been interpreted by the historical scholarship. The argument of A Nation Divided by History and Memory is placed into the context of an international historical discourse. This pioneering work is essential and enlightening reading for all historians, many sociologists, political scientists, social psychologists and university students.
