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The torpedo was the greatest single game-changer in the history of naval warfare. For the first time it allowed any small, cheap torpedo-firing vessel Ð and by extension a small, minor navy Ð to threaten the largest and most powerful warships afloat. The
In this work, the writer reviews the actual battles underseas and presents information on the submarine fleets and arms of the great Naval Powers engaged. He stated that to understand the naval situation or the military campaigns in the Great European War, a knowledge of the scientific factors contributing to victory or defeat is essential. Contents include: Introduction—the Submarine Phase of the Naval War The Modern Submarine Torpedo-boat British Submarines French Submarines Russian Submarines Japanese Submarines German Submarines Austrian Submarines Submarines in Action Anti-submarine Tactics The Submarine Torpedo Submarine Mines Mine-laying Fleets Mine-sweeping Fleets Comparative Fighting Value of the Submarine Fleets at War
In view of the prominent part played in the present World War by torpedoes and submarines Fulton's claims for his invention have been fully substantiated and some of his predictions, made more than a century ago, are remarkably interesting, in view of the events of the past five months. His estimate of our population in 1920 has already been exceeded in fact, and only his plan of affixing torpedoes to their prey by means of harpoons seems—for it was made in the days of wooden ships—fantastic, in these days of iron clads. He could not foresee that almost exactly a century would elapse before his invention would be extensively used—though he cautiously says "it is impossible to foresee to what degree torpedoes may be improved and rendered useful."
"[...]made impenetrable to musket shot. A spar torpedo a, a, a, to be carried on each bow and quarter Fig. 4 represents this curious craft. Stationary Mines.—Stationary buoyant torpedoes for harbour defence, to be fired by means of levers attached to triggers. This kind of mine is shown at Fig. 1. 5.—Cable Cutters.—Cable cutters, that is submarine guns discharging a sharp piece of iron in the shape of a crescent, with sufficient force to cut through ship's cables, or other obstructions.[E] Practical Experiments.—Various and exhaustive experiments were carried out in the presence of the Commissioners, tending generally to impress them with a favourable view of Fulton's many projects. As a final test, the sloop Argus was ordered, under the superintendence of[...]".
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