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Because of the need to devise systems for electronic communication on the internet, multi-agent computing is moving to a model of communication as a structured conversation between rational agents. For example, in multi-agent systems, an electronic agent searches around the internet, and collects certain kinds of information by asking questions to other agents. Such agents also reason with each other when they engage in negotiation and persuasion. It is shown in this book that critical argumentation is best represented in this framework by the model of reasoned argument called a dialog, in which two or more parties engage in a polite and orderly exchange with each other according to rules governed by conversation policies. In such dialog argumentation, the two parties reason together by taking turns asking questions, offering replies, and offering reasons to support a claim. They try to settle their disagreements by an orderly conversational exchange that is partly adversarial and partly collaborative.
The subject of argumentation has been studied since ancient times, but it has seen major innovations since the advent of the computer age. Software already exists which can create and evaluate arguments in high-stake situations, such as medical diagnosis and criminal investigation; formal systems can help us appreciate the role of the value judgments which underlie opposing positions; and it is even possible to enter into argumentative dialogues as if playing a computer game. This book presents the 28 full papers, 17 short papers and a number of system demonstrations, described in an extended abstract, from the 2012 biennial Computational Models of Argument (COMMA) conference, held in Vienna...
The 25th edition of the JURIX conference was held in the Netherlands from the 17th till the 19th of December and was hosted by the University of Amsterdam. This year submissions came from 25 countries covering Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australia. These proceedings contain sixteen full and five short papers that were selected for presentation. As usual they cover a wide range of topics.The majority of contributions deals with formal or computational models of legal argumentation and reasoning questions of coherence, evidential reasoning, visualisation of argumentation and formal representations of legal narratives are amongst
Argumentation is all around us. Letters to the Editor often make points of cons- tency, and “Why” is one of the most frequent questions in language, asking for r- sons behind behaviour. And argumentation is more than ‘reasoning’ in the recesses of single minds, since it crucially involves interaction. It cements the coordinated social behaviour that has allowed us, in small bands of not particularly physically impressive primates, to dominate the planet, from the mammoth hunt all the way up to organized science. This volume puts argumentation on the map in the eld of Arti cial Intelligence. This theme has been coming for a while, and some famous pioneers are chapter authors, but we c...
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty, ECSQARU 2007, held in Hammammet, Tunisia, Oktober 31 - November 2, 2007. The 78 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from over hundret submissions for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on Bayesian networks, graphical models, learning causal networks, planning, causality and independence, preference modelling and decision, argumentation systems, inconsistency handling, belief revision and merging, belief functions, fuzzy models, many-valued logical systems, uncertainty logics, probabilistic reasoning, reasoning models under uncertainty, uncertainty measures, probabilistic classifiers, classification and clustering, and industrial applications.
This book provides a wide and deep perspective on the ethical issues raised by pervasive information and communication technology (PICT) – small, powerful, and often inexpensive Internet-connected computing devices and systems. It describes complex and unfamiliar technologies and their implications, including the transformative potential of augmented reality, the power of location-linked information, and the uses of “big data,” and explains potential threats, including privacy invaded, security violated, and independence compromised, often through widespread and lucrative manipulation. PICT is changing how we live, providing entertainment, useful tools, and life-saving systems. But the...
This book explores the coming into being in European Union (EU) law of the fundamental right to personal data protection. Approaching legal evolution through the lens of law as text, it unearths the steps that led to the emergence of this new right. It throws light on the right’s significance, and reveals the intricacies of its relationship with privacy. The right to personal data protection is now officially recognised as an EU fundamental right. As such, it is expected to play a critical role in the future European personal data protection legal landscape, seemingly displacing the right to privacy. This volume is based on the premise that an accurate understanding of the right’s emerge...
This volume examines the basic layers of the standard-based creation and usage of legislation. In particular, it addresses the identification of legislative documents, their structure, the basic metadata and legislative changes. Since mature technologies and established practices are already in place for these layers, a standard-based approach is a necessary aspect of the up-to-date management of legislative resources. Starting out with an overview of the context for the use of XML standards in legislation, the book next examines the rationale of standard-based management of legislative documents. It goes on to address such issues as naming, the Akoma-Ntoso document model, the contribution of standard-based document management to handling legislative dynamics, meta-standards and interchange standards. The volume concludes with a discussion of semantic resources and a review on systems and projects.
In its classical form, the study of argumentation focuses on human-oriented uses of argument, such as whether an argument is legitimate or flawed, engagement in debate, or the rhetorical aspects of argumentation. In recent decades, however, the study of logic and computational models of argumentation has emerged as a growing sub-area of AI. This book presents the Seventh International Conference on Computational Models of Argument (COMMA’18), held in Warsaw, Poland, from 12 to 14 September 2018. Since its inception in 2006, the conference and its related activities have developed alongside the steady growth of interest in computational argumentation worldwide, and the selection of 25 full ...