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Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in immunosuppressive mechanisms that result in immune editing and treatment resistance. Elucidating the diversity of stromal and immune cell distribution, polarization, and changes in their gene expression signatures will enable a better understanding of key events to improve treatment and prognosis. With the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinics for patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, immunotherapy has taken a new direction in cancer management, especially as combination therapies. However, limitations encountered with the use of ICIs, including toxicity and immune-related adverse events (irAE) indic...
This text covers all aspects of the immunology of fungal infection. Beyond the basics, coverage includes recent developments in innate and adaptive immunological mechanisms involved in the host response to fungal infection. The volume’s topical sections provide an immunological perspective on the cells, soluble factors and receptors involved in recognising and combating fungal infections. Discussion includes descriptions of immunity to specific pathogens, immune-escape mechanisms used by fungi, and therapeutic strategies.
Interferons (IFN) belong to the family of cytokines and have been described first in the late 1950s as an inhibitory factor of viral replication. Since then, the impact of interferon has been greatly expanded and its function comprises a role not only in different types of infection, cancer and autoimmunity but importantly also in immunehomeostasis. IFN have important anti-viral effects but it is becoming more and more evident that they are true immunomodulators and have an important impact on the development and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunity.
The book explores the intricate connections between the nervous and immune systems in the context of neurodegenerative disorders, offering a comprehensive overview of the bidirectional communication between these systems and their implications for disease progression and therapeutic interventions. The book aims to understand the recent developments in the field of neuroimmune communication. Key Features: In-depth analysis of immunological biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. Exploration of the role of glial cells in neuroimmune interactions and their dual nature in disease pathology. Examination of short- and long-range interactions between the central nervous ...
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Clearance of apoptotic cells is essential for proper development, homeostasis and termination of immune responses in multicellular organisms. Thus, cellular and molecular players taking part in the sequential events of this process are of great interest. Research in the last 20 years has indicated that specific ligands and receptors take part in the attraction of immune cells toward apoptotic targets and in the interactions between apoptotic cells and professional as well as non-professional phagocytes that engulf them. Moreover, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) leads to significant phenotypic changes in the engulfing cells suggesting that it is a major fate-determining event ...
Nano- and microparticles including crystals, synthetic biomaterials, misfolded proteins or environmental particulates are involved in a wide range of biological processes and diseases. They may present as intrinsic or environmental toxins but may also be applied intentionally, e.g. as immune adjuvants, drug carriers or ion exchangers. The discovery that a wide range of nano- and microparticles share the capacity to induce IL-1β secretion via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in dendritic cells and macrophages has led to the hypothesis that nano- and microparticles may contribute in a uniform mechanistic manner to different disease entities. Other molecular mechanisms triggered by a range...