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First Published in 2005. This study uses the Baring archive to provide a professional and contemporary understanding of the foreign financial history of Continental Europe and the United States from the years 1815 to 1870. The material gathered in this book, for France, Russia, Austria, Spain and the United States, and the conclusions reached in all the chapters, go far towards supporting and confirming that the belief that capital exports give rise to growth is an inflated claim.
Why do critics want to pull up the income tax by its roots? Why do we have an income tax altogether especially if its principles are no longer workable and the tax no longer serves its intended purpose? Or are the roots, in fact, still viable? This compelling book seeks answers to those questions in long-forgotten archives of tax history. Drawing on rare records from Congress, Richard J. Joseph demonstrates how the idea of relating taxes to individuals and businesses evolved during 1893-1895, leading in 1894 to enactment of the first American income tax legislation. That initial law, he notes, was intended to create a permanent and a fair "ability-to-pay" system. With an eye for detail Joseph explores ways in which it would serve as a model for future revenue. He explains how global and domestic changes have rendered it passe'. And he shows how much of that early lawdespite its swift demise in the case of Pollock v. The Farmers Loan & Trust Companyinforms our current federal taxation system.