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Navigating institutions and donor requirements to successfully access international climate finance is challenging for many countries. Establishing national climate funds can be a way to meet these challenges, ensuring the targeted use of funds and strengthening ownership. This book examines the establishment of two national climate funds in Brazil, the Low Carbon Agriculture Programme and the Amazon Fund. Their establishment must be seen against the background of a drastic shift in Brazilian climate policy, enabled by discursive changes, during the administration of the Workers' Party 2003 - 2016. Dr. Ursula Flossmann-Kraus is a climate finance specialist and has led and implemented projects and programmes for GIZ and the Commonwealth Secretariat.
Navigating institutions and donor requirements to successfully access international climate finance is challenging for many countries. Establishing national climate funds can be a way to meet these challenges, ensuring the targeted use of funds and strengthening ownership. This book examines the establishment of two national climate funds in Brazil, the Low Carbon Agriculture Programme and the Amazon Fund. Their establishment must be seen against the background of a drastic shift in Brazilian climate policy, enabled by discursive changes, during the administration of the Workers' Party 2003 - 2016.
Biological treatment, composting, in particular, is a relatively simple, durable and inexpensive alternative for stabilizing and reducing biodegradable waste. Co-composting of different waste sources allows to enhance the compost nutrient value. In particular, integration of ‘biosolids’ from the sanitation sector as potential input material for co-composting would provide a solution for the much needed treatment of fecal sludge from on-site sanitation systems, and make use of its high nutrient content. This research paper elaborates in detail the main parameters that govern the co-composting process as well as factors that control the production of a safe and valuable quality compost. It further explains technological options to tailor the final product to crop and farmer needs.
Die Studie untersucht das Phänomen der spätmittelalterlichen Oberhöfe am Beispiel der Gerichte in Frankfurt, Gelnhausen und Ingelheim in vergleichender Perspektive. Dabei rekonstruiert der Autor die Entstehung, Wirkungsweise und grundsätzliche Funktionsmechanismen von mit nichtstudierten Schöffen (»Laien«) besetzten Oberhöfen und zeigt ihre Bedeutung als neue Vernetzung der Gerichte innerhalb vielschichtiger Gerichtslandschaften. Er arbeitet heraus, dass größere Oberhöfe letztlich in zwei Richtungen wirken konnten, nämlich einerseits nach innen, indem sie eine organisierte, binnenstrukturierte, in gewisser Weise »professionalisierte« Gerichtsbarkeit notwendig machten. Andererseits konnten sie teilweise in ihrem jeweiligen Einzugsgebiet nach außen rechtsvereinheitlichend wirken, indem sie anderen Gerichten Rechtsauskunft gaben.
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