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This book is the first comprehensive treatment of Painlevé differential equations in the complex plane. Starting with a rigorous presentation for the meromorphic nature of their solutions, the Nevanlinna theory will be applied to offer a detailed exposition of growth aspects and value distribution of Painlevé transcendents. The subsequent main part of the book is devoted to topics of classical background such as representations and expansions of solutions, solutions of special type like rational and special transcendental solutions, Bäcklund transformations and higher order analogues, treated separately for each of these six equations. The final chapter offers a short overview of applications of Painlevé equations, including an introduction to their discrete counterparts. Due to the present important role of Painlevé equations in physical applications, this monograph should be of interest to researchers in both mathematics and physics and to graduate students interested in mathematical physics and the theory of differential equations.
This is an introductory textbook on isometry groups of the hyperbolic plane. Interest in such groups dates back more than 120 years. Examples appear in number theory (modular groups and triangle groups), the theory of elliptic functions, and the theory of linear differential equations in the complex domain (giving rise to the alternative name Fuchsian groups). The current book is based on what became known as the famous Fenchel-Nielsen manuscript. Jakob Nielsen (1890-1959) started this project well before World War II, and his interest arose through his deep investigations on the topology of Riemann surfaces and from the fact that the fundamental group of a surface of genus greater than one is represented by such a discontinuous group. Werner Fenchel (1905-1988) joined the project later and overtook much of the preparation of the manuscript. The present book is special because of its very complete treatment of groups containing reversions and because it avoids the use of matrices to represent Moebius maps. This text is intended for students and researchers in the many areas of mathematics that involve the use of discontinuous groups.
The subject this volume is explicit integration, that is, the analytical as opposed to the numerical solution, of all kinds of nonlinear differential equations (ordinary differential, partial differential, finite difference). Such equations describe many physical phenomena, their analytic solutions (particular solutions, first integral, and so forth) are in many cases preferable to numerical computation, which may be long, costly and, worst, subject to numerical errors. In addition, the analytic approach can provide a global knowledge of the solution, while the numerical approach is always local. Explicit integration is based on the powerful methods based on an in-depth study of singularitie...
The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level textbooks in mathematics, mathematical methods and their applications. Apart from covering important areas of current interest, a major aim is to make topics of an interdisciplinary nature accessible to the non-specialist. The works in this series are addressed to advanced students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. In addition, it can serve as a guide for lectures and seminars on a graduate level. The series de Gruyter Studies in Mathematics was founded ca. 30 years ago by the late Professor Heinz Bauer and Professor Peter Gabriel with the aim to establish a series of monographs and textbooks of high ...
This volume contains the proceedings of the conference on Formal and Analytic Solutions of Diff. Equations, held from June 28–July 2, 2021, and hosted by University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain. The manuscripts cover recent advances in the study of formal and analytic solutions of different kinds of equations such as ordinary differential equations, difference equations, $q$-difference equations, partial differential equations, moment differential equations, etc. Also discussed are related topics such as summability of formal solutions and the asymptotic study of their solutions. The volume is intended not only for researchers in this field of knowledge but also for students who aim to acquire new techniques and learn recent results.
This book is an introduction to financial mathematics. The first part of the book studies a simple one-period model which serves as a building block for later developments. Topics include the characterization of arbitrage-free markets, preferences on asset profiles, an introduction to equilibrium analysis, and monetary measures of risk. In the second part, the idea of dynamic hedging of contingent claims is developed in a multiperiod framework. Such models are typically incomplete: They involve intrinsic risks which cannot be hedged away completely. Topics include martingale measures, pricing formulas for derivatives, American options, superhedging, and hedging strategies with minimal shortfall risk. In addition to many corrections and improvements, this second edition contains several new sections, including a systematic discussion of law-invariant risk measures and of the connections between American options, superhedging, and dynamic risk measures.
In the early 1920s M. Morse discovered that the number of critical points of a smooth function on a manifold is closely related to the topology of the manifold. This became a starting point of the Morse theory which is now one of the basic parts of differential topology. Circle-valued Morse theory originated from a problem in hydrodynamics studied by S. P. Novikov in the early 1980s. Nowadays, it is a constantly growing field of contemporary mathematics with applications and connections to many geometrical problems such as Arnold's conjecture in the theory of Lagrangian intersections, fibrations of manifolds over the circle, dynamical zeta functions, and the theory of knots and links in the three-dimensional sphere. The aim of the book is to give a systematic treatment of geometric foundations of the subject and recent research results. The book is accessible to first year graduate students specializing in geometry and topology.
The basics of the theory of elliptic curves should be known to everybody, be he (or she) a mathematician or a computer scientist. Especially everybody concerned with cryptography should know the elements of this theory. The purpose of the present textbook is to give an elementary introduction to elliptic curves. Since this branch of number theory is particularly accessible to computer-assisted calculations, the authors make use of it by approaching the theory under a computational point of view. Specifically, the computer-algebra package SIMATH can be applied on several occasions. However, the book can be read also by those not interested in any computations. Of course, the theory of elliptic curves is very comprehensive and becomes correspondingly sophisticated. That is why the authors made a choice of the topics treated. Topics covered include the determination of torsion groups, computations regarding the Mordell-Weil group, height calculations, S-integral points. The contents is kept as elementary as possible. In this way it becomes obvious in which respect the book differs from the numerous textbooks on elliptic curves nowadays available.
This monograph presents the state of the art of convexity, with an emphasis to integral representation. The exposition is focused on Choquet's theory of function spaces with a link to compact convex sets. An important feature of the book is an interplay between various mathematical subjects, such as functional analysis, measure theory, descriptive set theory, Banach spaces theory and potential theory. A substantial part of the material is of fairly recent origin and many results appear in the book form for the first time. The text is self-contained and covers a wide range of applications. From the contents: Geometry of convex sets Choquet theory of function spaces Affine functions on compact convex sets Perfect classes of functions and representation of affine functions Simplicial function spaces Choquet's theory of function cones Topologies on boundaries Several results on function spaces and compact convex sets Continuous and measurable selectors Construction of function spaces Function spaces in potential theory and Dirichlet problem Applications
This is a proceedings of the international conference "Painlevé Equations and Related Topics" which was taking place at the Euler International Mathematical Institute, a branch of the Saint Petersburg Department of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, in Saint Petersburg on June 17 to 23, 2011. The survey articles discuss the following topics: General ordinary differential equations Painlevé equations and their generalizations Painlevé property Discrete Painlevé equations Properties of solutions of all mentioned above equations: – Asymptotic forms and asymptotic expansions – Connections of asymptotic forms of a solution near different points – Convergency and asymptotic character of a formal solution – New types of asymptotic forms and asymptotic expansions – Riemann-Hilbert problems – Isomonodromic deformations of linear systems – Symmetries and transformations of solutions – Algebraic solutions Reductions of PDE to Painlevé equations and their generalizations Ordinary Differential Equations systems equivalent to Painlevé equations and their generalizations Applications of the equations and the solutions