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Coastal World Heritage Sites
This book presents the natural, environmental and scenic richness of the world’s coastal and marine areas classified by UNESCO as “Natural World Heritage Sites”. Representing well-preserved areas of exceptional significance to the planet and to humankind, they include a total of 49 marine sites, formed by reefs, atolls and gulfs, and 35 coastal sites in all oceans and all continents with exception of Antarctica. They are being protected and preserved from most degrading uses for future generations as an important legacy from the past. Exploring their richness, this book analyzes and explains these sites in a clear, understandable, scientific way, and is of interest to all who work in or care about the geosciences, environmental sciences and biosciences.
Environmental Problems and Coastal Mitigation in South America
In the state of Cear√°, northeast Brazil, in the 1950s, an industrial harbor was built. The harbor structures and other factors, such as the destruction of the bypass of dunes, produced a large erosive process downstream, responsible for the loss of 400 m of beach in six decades. In Canoa Quebrada beach,Äîan internationally famous tourist area,Äîrecently, the partial collapse of sea cliffs occurred because of inappropriate uses and occupations, causing landscape and economic damage. In Colombia, beaches are under an intense process of erosion, due to construction for housing and tourism. With the abrasive action of waves associated with rising sea level, coastal areas in both countries are under risk of major degradation. These environmental situations are the object of technical and scientific analysis and discussion in this chapter, and mitigation propositions are considered.
Geomorphology of the Northeast Region of Brazil
The Brazilian Northeast, comprising 1,600,000 km2 and nine States (Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe), has an enormous diversity of geomorphological landscapes. Despite the wealth of relief, the available studies do not present, in detail, the regional geomorphological elements. However, it is necessary to allow the advancement of geographic science and related areas, create appropriate processes for the use and occupation of geographic space, guide land-use planning and environmental planning, and encourage conservationist practices. The chapters, written by the best geomorphological specialists in each segment, present unique, rich, and unpublished material that treats the reality of the geomorphological landscape in the Brazilian Northeast. It starts with a theoretical discussion on advances in the analysis of geomorphology by State, showing an unprecedented and functional geographic division.
Coastal Hazards
This book covers the gamut of coastal hazards that result from short-term low-frequency events and have high-magnitude and far-reaching impacts on coastal zones the world over. Much of the world’s population now lives in low-lying coastal zones that are inherently vulnerable to natural hazards such as flooding from hurricanes, tropical storms and northeastern storm surges; shoreline (beach and dune) erosion; cliff and bluff failures; and saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers used for drinking water supplies. In addition to the usual range of hydrometeorological disasters in coastal zones, this book covers tsunami impacts and warning systems as well as global perspectives of sea-level ris...
Estuaries and Coastal Zones
Estuaries and their surrounding wetland regions are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, with more than half of humanity inhabiting their shores. Anthropogenic factors make estuaries highly susceptible to ecosystem degradation. Coastal waters are closely connected with human activity, and their dynamic processes may greatly affect coastal environments. This book provides a compendium of studies on estuarine dynamics, river plumes, and coastal water dynamics, studies that have investigated the changes in estuarine and coastal zones in response to sea-level rise and other environmental factors, and policy and management strategies to ensure the health and economy of coastal zones. This book aims to display novel frontiers in these fields and may help to inspire in-depth studies in the future.
Landforms and Landscape Evolution of the Equatorial Margin of Northeast Brazil
More than a simple monograph, the authors present a comprehensive geomorphic overview of a large tropical region where they show how deciphering the long-term landform evolution helps understanding the present set of landscapes and morphodynamic environments. The Equatorial margin of the Brazilian “Nordeste” displays stratigraphic landmarks whose interpretation reveals the age and nature of landforms, leading to a reconstruction of the geomorphic history by the means of combined morphostratigraphic and morphopedological approaches. Beyond the role of differential erosion related to moderate post-oceanic opening uplift, the plain and upland landscape reflects a juxtaposition of landform and soil generations related to a shallow basin inversion, the last stages of which occurred in semi-arid conditions since the Oligocene. These results throw light on old debates on models of long-term landform development in platform areas, and also help evaluating recent models of denudation and burial based on thermochronological methods.
Geology and Geomorphology of Holocene Coastal Barriers of Brazil
This is the first book to cover the Holocene geology and geomorphology of the 9,200 kilometers of the Brazilian coast. It is written for third and fourth year undergraduates, post-graduate students, scientists and man- ers. It characterizes the Brazilian coast in terms of the Holocene geology, geomorphology, oceanographic and climatic conditions, and the location, morphology and evolution of the barrier types. Separate chapters outline the types of barriers and coastal dynamics in each state, beginning in the south and proceeding to the north. Some emphasis is placed on the stretches of coast where the detailed morphology and stratigraphy of b- riers has been previously determined. To date, ...
Applied Geomorphology
This is the first book to bring together practical examples from around the world to show how geomorphological evidence can help in effective land utilisation and hazard risk assessment. Case studies provide important lessons in risk management, and experts provide summaries of current research. The text also promotes good practice and effective land use, and looks at problems caused by misuse of the environment and potential solutions based on geomorphological evidence.
