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Nevirapine and the Quest to End Pediatric AIDS
In 1999, investigators announced that a single dose of nevirapine, a new antiviral drug, could stop the spread of the AIDS virus from infected mothers to their newborn babies. It was a discovery that "changed the face of AIDS globally" but it came at a high price, after years of scientific research, political conflict, social unrest and the loss of many thousands of lives. This book is the historical account of pediatric AIDS from the first reported cases in the early 1980s to the first effective treatments in the 1990s and then to the prevention of HIV infections altogether. It also includes the firsthand accounts and experiences of children infected with HIV, their families and the physicians who treated them, as well as the scientists who sought to understand the virus, discovered nevirapine's unique properties, and worked tirelessly to get it to the patients who needed it.
The Search for Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Perspectives on Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Inflammation is a very complicated process of interrelated events and cas cades that does not allow for an easily defined, focused attack for drug discovery. It is evident from years of research and development that certain classes of compounds (e.g., NSAIDs, steroids, and so on) have had a meas ure of success in alleviating pain and even dampening cellularlhormonal mechanisms involved in the process. Clear, mechanism-related therapies (e.g., for arthritis) and targeted drugs (e.g., for transplantation) have not been available in the past and, in reality, research in inflammation has re lied on more phenomenological approaches for resolving symptoms or on blatant cytoreductive approaches in cases like organ transplantation. In the last decade, approaches that have revealed novel cellular pathways in which intervention is possible for lymphocyte regulation (for example, cyclosporine and FK506) and small molecular weight mediators (e.g., leu kotriene inhibitors) are now either standard therapy or will be in a short time. These latter approaches have been the result of research from the 1970s up to the present.
Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules
Leukocyte adhesion molecules promise to be highly effective as antigens in the antibody-directed leucocyte elimination treatment prior to grafting or in cases of acute and chronic inflammatory disease. This comprehensive review of contemporary research provides thorough discussions of the structure of these molecules, their in vitro function, and the role that they play in vivo as evidenced by results shown in inflammatory models where antibodies against these molecules are given to inhibit their function. The blend of basic science and clinical applications provides clear evidence of the biological relevance of cell-cell interactions and the many potential clinical dividends afforded by understanding the molecular basis of cell adhesion.
Research Grants
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Gene Therapeutics
During the first half century of genetics, coinciding with the first half of this cen tury, geneticists dreamt of the repair of genetic disease by altering or replacing defective genes. H. J. Muller wrote of the great advantages of mutations, "nanoneedles" in his apt term, for delicately probing physiological and chemical processes. In the same spirit, genes could be used to provide treatments of needle point delicacy. Yet, during this period no realistic possibility appeared; it remained but a dream. The situation changed abruptly at the half century. Microbial genetics and its offshoot, cell culture genetics, provided the route. Pneumococcus transformation showed that exogenous DNA could b...
NCI Grant Supported Literature Index
A bibliography of papers which acknowledge support from National Cancer Institute sources.
New Aspects of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
General overviews and minireviews on specific viruses and properties combine to present a broad range of current findings.
