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Russia's Relations with the Arab World
During the 1990s the Russian Federation critically downgraded its relations with Middle Eastern states due to its economic difficulties and also on account of the predominant orientation of its new political class towards the Euro-Atlantic community. However, Russia did inherit from its Soviet days the role of cosponsor of the Arab-Israeli peace process and managed to establish diplomatic relations with new partners in the Arabian Gulf, yet the Asian direction of Russia’s policy was generally put on the back burner. It was only after the post-Soviet transition period – with its associated developmental difficulties and insecurity – that Russia began to assume once again its role in the...
Russian Relations with Europe and the US
In recent years, relations between Russia and the West have entered a controversial phase, characterized by continued rapprochement and close cooperation but also by disagreements on a number of issues, signaling the emergence of a "new rivalry." The West has accused Moscow of pursuing a policy of "managed instability" in those areas of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) where insurgents are active, including Georgia, Azerbaijan and Moldova. It has been alleged that Moscow uses this instability to prevent a consolidation of these states and any subsequent rejection of Russian influence, thus preserving Russia's military presence and demonstrating that ethnopolitical conflicts in th...
Peace versus Justice
This book examines the costs and benefits of ending the fighting in a range of conflicts, and probes the reasons why negotiators provide, or fail to provide, resolutions that go beyond just 'stopping the shooting.' A wide range of case studies is marshaled to explore relevant peacemaking situations, from the end of the Thirty Years' War and the Napoleonic Wars, to more recent settlements of the late 20th and early 21st centuries—including large scale conflicts like the end of WWII and smaller scale, sometimes internal conflicts like those in Cyprus, Armenia and Azerbaijan, and Mozambique. Cases on Bosnia and the Middle East add extra interest.
Islamic Culture and Pre-Islamic Beliefs in Central Asia
The introduction of Islam ushered in an era of social and cultural change to the region. Some pre-Islamic sacred places have been transformed into Islamic ones, and the cult of saints absorbed elements of both local and Arab mythology. This volume which is a project initiated by the Balkan History Association, focuses on Islamic culture, traditions, and pre-Islamic beliefs in Central Asia. The chapters emphasize the importance of religious life, the significance of certain “sacred places,” and their role in the socio-spiritual life. The volume includes research spanning a period from antiquity to the Post-Soviet era to explore how landscapes of religious places and practices were interpreted and reinterpreted through time.
Gulf Oil in the Aftermath of the Iraq War
As a founding OPEC member with an established oil sector and vast untapped oil reserves, Iraq has always been a major player in the global oil industry. However, its oil sector has never realized its full potential, being hindered by UN sanctions in the 1990s and later by infrastructural damage following the US-led invasion of 2003. The disruption in Iraqi oil supply and the prospect of its resumption carries both short and long term implications—for Iraq, the Arabian Gulf, OPEC and the world oil market. Although OPEC did stabilize supply and prices in the immediate aftermath of the invasion, such geopolitical upheavals create major challenges in market management. On the new world oil map...
Central Asia
The five central Asian States of Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan stand at the crossroads of world civilization. Influenced by South Asia, Iran, China and Russia, this region which has recently burst onto the world stage once again, guards a distinct identity. This collection by established experts on the area covers the dramatic Soviet interventions of the early twentieth century, and details the role of ethnicity and the contribution made by Islamic impulses in the process of building the modern nation states.
Making and Breaking Democratic Transitions
Focusing on the vastly different outcomes of post-Soviet regime transitions, this study explores why some societies have become more democratic and some have not. Based on in-depth comparative analyses, the book assesses political developments in six of Russia's regions (Saratov, Nizhnii Novgorod, Volgograd, Ryazan', Ul'yanovsk, and Tver' oblasts) since 1988.
Boundary Issues in Central Asia
Boundary Issues in Central Asia provides detailed answers to: What was the legal framework within which the new states of Central Asia attained statehood? How did the administrative divisions of the former Soviet Union evolve, almost over night, into inter-state frontiers, and on what legal basis? Are Central Asian states content with the post-independence border arrangements? What outstanding border issues with states adjacent to the former Soviet Central Asia were inherited by Central Asian states from the USSR, the predecessor state? What became, in particular, of the perennial border disputes of the predecessor state with China? What border issues with the latter have since been settled ...
