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Progress in Nucleic Acid Research and Molecular Biology
This authoritative, timely, and comprehensively referenced compendium on the bacteriophages explores current views of how viruses infect bacteria. In combination with classical phage molecular genetics, new structural, genomic, and single-molecule technologies have rendered an explosion in our knowledge of phages. Bacteriophages, the most abundant and genetically diverse type of organism in the biosphere, were discovered at the beginning of the 20th century and enjoyed decades of used as anti-bacterial agents before being eclipsed by the antibiotic era. Since 1988, phages have come back into the spotlight as major factors in pathogenesis, bacterial evolution, and ecology. This book reveals their compelling elegence of function and their almost inconceivable diversity.Much of the founding work in molecular biology and structural biology was done on bacteriophages. These are widely used in molecular biology research and in biotechnology, as probes and markers, and in the popular method of assesing gene expression.
This topical volume in the respected Encyclopedia series is the first in many years to bring together all important aspects of developmental biology in one source, from morphogenesis and organogenesis, via epigenetic regulation of gene expression to evolutionary developmental biology. The editor-in-chief has assembled an outstanding team of contributors to review these topics, creating an authoritative work for many years to come. The result is a unique, top-level reference in developmental biology for researchers, students and professionals alike.
Autobiography, Swiss Molecular Biologist, Animal Science, DNA Fingerprinting Professor Urs Kuhnlein is an accomplished molecular biologist, a celebrated mountaineer and nature lover, and a devoted member of an extended family that stretches from Switzerland to Canada and the United States. He graduated from the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH) and the University of Geneva in Switzerland and excelled academically, eventually becoming Emeritus Professor at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. In this volume, he vividly recalls his summit experiences from the first on the Bietschhorn in the Canton of Wallis to Denali in Alaska. His colleagues, students, friends, family, and like-minded adventurers will recognize his keen interests in and rich insights into the diverse worlds captured in this memoir. Urs now lives on Fidalgo Island in the San Juans of Washington State.
It has been known for a number of years that not only pathogenicity islands but also plasmids and bacteriophages are able to carry genes whose products are involved in pathogenic processes. Accordingly, such elements and their products play an important role in pathogenesis due to the intestinal E. coli as well due to Shigellae. Another interesting aspect which is reflected in different articles is that genomes evolve by acquisition of new pieces of DNA following gene transfer, but also by genome reduction. Different mechanisms include the deletion of sequences or the elimination of functions by the accumulation of point mutations or rearrangements.
Systems biology is a relatively new biological study field that focuses on the systematic study of complex interactions in biological systems, thus using a new perspective (integration instead of reduction) to study them. Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the term is used widely in the biosciences, and in a variety of contexts. Systems biology is the study of the interconnected aspect of molecular, cellular, tissue, whole animal and ecological processes, and comprises mathematical and mechanistic studies of dynamical, mesoscopic, open, spatiotemporally defined, nonlinear, complex systems that are far from thermodynamic equilibrium.
The Enzymes