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Science without Boundaries discusses the many issues involved in going beyond disciplinary research practices in science, politics and society, and addresses the complexities of their interface. Governments and politicians are increasingly calling upon the scientific community to deal with global challenges such as climate change, poverty, international governance, peace-making et cetera. These are calls for interdisciplinary research - calls to deal with the interaction of parts in complex systems. The book addresses questions like these: -Does interdisciplinary research fit into the overall disciplinary organization of the sciences? -Does interdisciplinary research meet the high scientific standards of the research community? -How does the science community adopt to changing circumstances? -How responsive is the science community to social and political needs? -To what extent do governments intervene to influence science? -What pattern of interaction exists between politics, society and research? Polar research is used to show how politics may intermingle with science to safeguard national interests in times of dramatic international change.
Yohei Sasakawa The Northern Sea Route is the shortest shipping route connecting the Far East and Europe. However, the route has been practically inaccessible to commercial vessels, due to the harsh natural conditions in the area, which make navigation possible for only a small part of the year, and then only with an icebreaker leading the way. Opening the Northern Sea Route would greatly facilitate international shipping, making two routes - a northbound one through the NSR, and a southbound one through Suez- available throughout all seasons. The Northern Sea Route would also help to boost economic development, including the exploitation of natural resources in Russian regions along the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Thanks to international cooperation, we have been able to set up and successfully conclude a special project to investigate the possibilities of developing the Northern Sea Route as a commercial route, while protecting the environment, wildlife and peoples of the Arctic Ocean region. This represents a highly significant step in terms of future global development.
It is a fact that the climate is changing globally. As a remote, harsh part of the world, climate of the Arctic is changing as well. The Arctic ice is melting at an astonishing rate. Thus, the region is getting more accessible. Even the Arctic sea routes are ice-free nearly for five months a year right now, this period will probably last longer in the coming years. Moreover, hydrocarbon explorations in the region will increase the expectations regarding an ice-free Arctic since the economic potential of the region is rising to the surface. Under these circumstances, the Arctic has recently been witnessing both challenges and opportunities. The latter includes the exploitation of hydrocarbons...
The most comprehensive and richest study undertaken so far of the factors and conditions that will determine the scope and range of shipping and shipping activities in Arctic waters now and in the future. Furthermore, it is the first study comparing the three Arctic transportation corridors, covering a variety of interacting and interdependent factors such as: - geopolitics, military affairs, global warming, sea ice melting, international economic trends, resources, competing modes of transportation, environmental challenges, logistics, ocean law and regulations, corporate governance, jurisdictional matters and rights of indigenous peoples, arctic cruise tourism and marine insurance.
This is one of the few books dealing with regime theory to be written from a legal point of view. Jurgielewicz's book is part of an effort to promote interdisciplinary research on the nature of the international legal order. Her work explores the concept of international regimes within the international legal order, utilizing the policy-oriented approach to international law. The study uses examples of global environmental change as models. By examining the general international law applicable to climate change and ozone layer depletion, the author attempts to explain the original need for regime formation in these areas. Next, Jurgielewicz looks at the role of regimes within international law, focusing on their formation, maintenance, source of legal obligation, and compliance mechanisms. The book concludes that regimes are present within the international legal order and play a vital role in maintaining that order. This book will appeal to students in law schools, graduate schools, or advanced undergraduate seminars covering international relations, international legal theory, international law, and international organizations.
This book represents emerging alternative perspectives to the "constructivist" orthodoxy that currently dominates the field of science and technology studies. Various contributions from distinguished Americans and Europeans in the field, provide arguments and evidence that it is not enough simply to say that science is "socially situated." Controversial Science focuses on important political, ethical, and broadly normative considerations that have yet to be given their due, but which point to a more realistic and critical perspective on science policy.
A review of international law in the polar regions and its importance to the environment and to international relations.
In this book Professor Orrego Vicuna examines in depth the legal framework as it relates to the exploitation of Antarctic minerals.
This is the first book to connect two important subfields in international relations: global environmental politics and the study of sovereignty--the state's exclusive authority within its territorial boundaries. The authors argue that the relationship between environmental practices and sovereignty is by no means straightforward and in fact elucidates some of the core issues and challenges in world politics today.Although a number of international relations scholars have assumed that transnational environmental organizations and institutions are eroding sovereignty, this book makes the case that ecological integrity and state sovereignty are not necessarily in opposition. It shows that the ...
This study has been long in the making, and the world has changed dramatically while we have been at work. We initially anticipated a substantial section on the Soviet-dominated Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA or "COMECON"), which offered an interesting contrast to the kind of international business regime typically found among market-oriented countries and industries. As we moved toward publi- tion, the CMEA vanished, and so we mention it only in passing. The USSR subsequently disintegrated into a Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). On the other hand, we began with the assumption that the historic "rule of capture" no long played a significant role in international econom...