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There have been significant advances in the use of botulinum toxin (botox) since the first edition of this book. Today, it has become the treatment of first choice in a variety of indications, including in neurology, pediatric medicine, dermatology, urology, and the treatment of pain. In this new edition, the key muscles that can be treated with botox are presented individually. A few muscles, such as the deep muscles of the neck, have been added. All these structures are grouped according to body region and illustrated with the aid of elaborate anatomical drawings. This edition takes into account new findings of recent years, especially the establishment of sonography as the most important tool for rapid orientation and safe injection; moreover, all the information and techniques from the previous edition have been reviewed and brought right up to date where necessary. The book is aimed principally at neurologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, and pediatricians, and represents a reliable and cutting-edge guide for all those who want to provide botox treatments speedily and safely.
The exceptionally successful history of botulinum toxin and its likely future has hardly an equivalent. Initially, it was used in strabismus, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, later also in focal dystonia and spasticity and it has been shown to effectively treat wrinkles, hyperhidrosis and a great number of ensuing indications. By treating symptoms or disorders associated with pain, its analgesic effect was first noticed. The efficacy and reasons for this side effect have since been investigated and a number of models explaining the mode of action have been presented. However, even if we know that botulinum toxin undoubtedly helps in certain pain syndromes, there is still much work to do to identify the major ones, define the optimum dose and the preferred site of injection. Indicating current positions and kindling the growing interest in this extraordinary therapeutic agent this book presents a timely overview on pain management with botulinum toxin. Thus, it will be of great interest especially for anesthesiologists and neurologists in their clinical work and medical research.
This book is the first comprehensive reference on the interface between neurology and internal medicine. In 171 chapters organized by organ system, the book examines the neurologic manifestations of dozens of medical conditions, the neurologic effects of drugs, organ transplantation, and other treatments, and the medical comorbidities or complications—iatrogenic or otherwise—that neurologists must diagnose and treat in patients with neurologic disease. Most chapters are co-authored by a neurologist and a non-neurologic specialist. Each chapter presents information in an accessible format and includes a case vignette and the authors' recommendations for the case. A companion Website provides a multiple-choice question for each chapter and the fully searchable text, with case vignettes and recommendations linked.
A comprehensive and practical manual describing the manifestations, pathophysiology and treatments for non-motor Parkinson's Disease. Topics covered in depth include autonomic and sexual dysfunction, mood disorders, sleep disturbances and drug-induced non-motor symptoms.
Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are the key components for the aggregation of microorganisms in biofilms, flocs and sludge. They are composed of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and other biological macromolecules. EPS provide a highly hydrated gel matrix in which microbial cells can establish stable synergistic consortia. Cohesion and adhesion as well as morphology, structure, biological function and other properties such as mechanical stability, diffusion, sorption and optical properties of microbial aggregates are determined by the EPS matrix. Also, the protection of biofilm organisms against biocides is attributed to the EPS. Their matrix allows phase separation in biofiltration and is also important for the degradation of particulate material which is of great importance for the self purification processes in surface waters and for waste water treatment.
The occurrence of 5-methylcytosine in DNA was first described in 1948 by Hotchkiss (see first chapter). Recognition of its possible physiologi cal role in eucaryotes was first suggested in 1964 by Srinivasan and Borek (see first chapter). Since then work in a great many laboratories has established both the ubiquity of 5-methylcytosine and the catholicity of its possible regulatory function. The explosive increase in the number of publications dealing with DNA methylation attests to its importance and makes it impossible to write a comprehensive coverage of the literature within the scope of a general review. Since the publication of the 3 most recent books dealing with the subject (DNA meth...
This volume presents contributions on handling data in which the postulate of independence in the data matrix is violated. When this postulate is violated and when the methods assuming independence are still applied, the estimated parameters are likely to be biased, and statistical decisions are very likely to be incorrect. Problems associated with dependence in data have been known for a long time, and led to the development of tailored methods for the analysis of dependent data in various areas of statistical analysis. These methods include, for example, methods for the analysis of longitudinal data, corrections for dependency, and corrections for degrees of freedom. This volume contains t...
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