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Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease
Immunity and Inflammation in Health and Disease: Emerging Roles of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods in Immune Support provides a comprehensive description of the various pathways by which the vertebrate immune system works, the signals that trigger immune response and how fnew and novel nutraceuticals and functional foods, can be used to contain inflammation and also to boost immunity and immune health. Inflammation is a tool to fight pathogens and the vertebrate immune system has a very complex network of cells to achieve this. However inflammation that goes awry is also the leding cause of several diseases ranging from cardiovascular diseases to diabetes. This book covers the entire gam...
Protocol for Orthotopic Single-lung Transplantation in Mice as a Tool for Lung Metastasis Studies
Abstract: The transplantation model provides the opportunity to assess the relevance of a molecule of interest for tumor cell extravasation by using a respective genetically modified donor animal. Here, we present a protocol for orthotopic single-lung transplantation in mice as a tool for lung metastasis studies. We describe steps for animal preparation, lung transplantation, and tumor cell injection. We then detail procedures for the direct comparison of tumor cell spreading between the genetically modified left lung and the naive right lung parenchyma. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Giannou et al. (2023).1
Balancing the Risk of Adverse Events Against the Efficacy of Immunotherapy in Advanced Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Abstract: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare thoracic malignancies with a favorable prognosis when complete surgical resection can be achieved. Therapeutic options for advanced, irresectable, or recurrent disease are limited and currently, a therapeutic standard treatment beyond platinum-based chemotherapy is undefined. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective against TETs, however their use is associated with a serious risk of immune-mediated toxicity. In this article, we highlight new insights regarding markers of predictive value for both treatment efficacy and risk of adverse effects in immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment for thymic epithelial tumors
Independent Risk Factors for an Increased Incidence of Thromboembolism After Lung Transplantation
Abstract: Background Thromboembolism (TE) after lung transplantation (LTX) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence and outcome of venous and arterial thromboembolic complications and to identify independent risk factors. Patients and methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 221 patients who underwent LTX at our institution between 2002 and 2021. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS and GraphPad software. Results 74 LTX recipients (33%) developed TE. The 30-days incidence and 12-months incidence were 12% and 23%, respectively. Nearly half of the patients (48%) developed pulmonary embolism, 10% ischemic ...
Tissue Resident INKT17 Cells Facilitate Cancer Cell Extravasation in Liver Metastasis Via Interleukin-22
Abstract: During metastasis, cancer cells invade, intravasate, enter the circulation, extravasate, and colonize target organs. Here, we examined the role of interleukin (IL)-22 in metastasis. Immune cell-derived IL-22 acts on epithelial tissues, promoting regeneration and healing upon tissue damage, but it is also associated with malignancy. Il22-deficient mice and mice treated with an IL-22 antibody were protected from colon-cancer-derived liver and lung metastasis formation, while overexpression of IL-22 promoted metastasis. Mechanistically, IL-22 acted on endothelial cells, promoting endothelial permeability and cancer cell transmigration via induction of endothelial aminopeptidase N. Mul...
Targeting CD26/DPP4 in Organ Fibrosis
Abstract: CD26/DPP4 is an exopeptidase that is expressed as a transmembrane protein in many organs but also present in a circulating soluble form. Beyond its enzymatic and co-stimulatory activity, CD26/DPP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases across many organ types, such as liver cirrhosis, kidney and lung fibrosis. Organ fibrosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and there are no causative therapies that can effectively attenuate the progress of the disease. Growing evidence suggests that inhibiting CD26/DPP4 can modulate the profibrotic tissue microenvironment and thus reduce fibrotic changes within affected organs. This review summarizes the role of CD26/DPP4 in fibroproliferative disorders and highlights new opportunities for antifibrotic treatment by CD26/DPP4 inhibition. As a major advantage, CD26/DPP4 inhibitors are in safe and routine clinical use in type 2 diabetes for many years and thus qualify to repurpose them as a promising therapeutic against fibrosis
