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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Skeletal Regeneration covers our current understanding of the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and other mesenchymal progenitors in skeletal regeneration, encompassing bone, cartilage and whole joint regeneration. The expansion reflects developments in the field to include data on the use of MSCs in drug development, growth factors, scaffolds and biomechanical manipulations for skeletal trauma and diseases, including osteoporosis and arthritis. Written for an audience of clinicians and young researchers who are exposed to MSCs in their work, this work summarizes recent findings pertaining to the definition and characterization of MSCs in skeletal tissues and d...
This book covers a wide spectrum of areas related to basic bone research. While bone remodeling, bone development, and osteoclast biology constitute the main contents, topics important to the understanding of bone metabolism and treatment of bone-related diseases are also intensively reviewed. Three chapters are dedicated to the classic topic of bone mechanics, which include a brief overview of the mechanostat hypothesis, a more detailed review on mechanotransduction and bone adaptation, and a chapter illustrating the basic principles of bone mechanical testing. New emerging fields such as skeletal stem cells, bone tissue engineering, phytoestrogens applications, and bone genetics study using mouse models, are also covered in detail. The book closes with a special chapter dedicated to state-of-the-art advances in bone biology research.
National identity cards are in the news. While paper ID documents have been used in some countries for a long time, today's rapid growth features high-tech IDs with built-in biometrics and RFID chips. Both long-term trends towards e-Government and the more recent responses to 9/11 have prompted the quest for more stable identity systems. Commercial pressures mix with security rationales to catalyze ID development, aimed at accuracy, efficiency and speed. New ID systems also depend on computerized national registries. Many questions are raised about new IDs but they are often limited by focusing on the cards themselves or on "privacy." Playing the Identity Card shows not only the benefits of how the state can "see" citizens better using these instruments but also the challenges this raises for civil liberties and human rights. ID cards are part of a broader trend towards intensified surveillance and as such are understood very differently according to the history and cultures of the countries concerned.
This book deploys quantitative methods to focus on the operation of the Chinese economy as a whole since the reforms in 1978, by combining a range of mathematical, algorithmic and computational methods to analyze rich empirical data, seeking to demonstrate the long-term economic trends and dynamics of economic growth and fluctuations in China. To answer the core question of how the Chinese economy became what it is, the author draws on dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) modeling and calibration, while also exploring microfoundations to reveal optimization behavior within a context of economic change at the macrolevel. The book examines internal shocks in the Chinese economic syste...
The self-organization of bionanostructures into well-defined functional machineries found in nature has been a priceless source of ideas for researchers. The molecules of life, proteins, DNA, RNA, etc., as well as the structures and forms that these molecules assume serve as rich sources of ideas for scientists or engineers who are interested in developing bio-inspired materials for innovations in biomedical fields. In nature, molecular self-assembly is a process by which complex three-dimensional structures with well-defined functions are constructed, starting from simple building blocks such as proteins and peptides. This book introduces readers to the theory and mechanisms of peptide self-assembly processes. The authors present the more common peptide self-assembled building blocks and discuss how researchers from different fields can apply self-assembling principles to bionanotechnology applications. The advantages and challenges are mentioned together with examples that reflect the state of the art of the use of self-assembled peptide building blocks in nanotechnology.
This three-volume set LNCS 11901, 11902, and 11903 constitutes the refereed conference proceedings of the 10thth International Conference on Image and Graphics, ICIG 2019, held in Beijing, China, in August 2019. The 183 full papers presented were selected from 384 submissions and focus on advances of theory, techniques and algorithms as well as innovative technologies of image, video and graphics processing and fostering innovation, entrepreneurship, and networking.
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“About 25 years ago, Mosmann & Coffman introduced the TH1 / TH2 paradigm of T helper cell differentiation which helped explain many aspects of adaptive immunity from eliminating intracellular versus extracellular pathogens to induction of different types of tissue inflammation. However, TH1 / TH2 paradigm could not adequately explain development of certain inflammatory responses which provided impetus for the discovery of a new subset of T cells called TH17 cells. After the discovery of differentiation and transcription factors for TH17 cells, it was clear that TH17 cells represent an independent subset of T cells with specific functions in eliminating certain extracellular pathogens, pres...