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Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective first-line anti-TB drugs, originally developed and introduced in the 1950 and 1960s. Since 2008, the Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation of the Institute of Medicine has hosted or co-hosted six domestic and international workshops addressing the global crisis of drug-resistant TB, with special attention to the BRICS countries - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The Global Crisis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis and Leadership of China and the BRICS is the summary of a workshop convened to address the current status of drug-resistant TB global...
Addressing the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic is crucial to reduce morbidity, mortality, and health-care burden. Cases of confirmed drug-resistant TB have almost doubled over the past decade. Drug resistance represents one of leading causes of death among TB patients and is responsible for approximately one-third of TB-related deaths worldwide, which is associated with TB recurrence and transmission. In recent years, the emerging molecular epidemiology methods have attributed to better TB management. For example, in many settings, studies using molecular epidemiology methods have demonstrated the recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. TB) strains. However, the transmission pattern...
In July 2009 Germany hosted the 50th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO). For the very first time the number of participating countries exceeded 100, with 104 countries from all continents. Celebrating the 50th anniversary of the IMO provides an ideal opportunity to look back over the past five decades and to review its development to become a worldwide event. This book is a report about the 50th IMO as well as the IMO history. A lot of data about all the 50 IMOs are included. We list the most successful contestants, the results of the 50 Olympiads and the 112 countries that have ever taken part. It is impressive to see that many of the world’s leading research mathematicians were among the most successful IMO participants in their youth. Six of them gave presentations at a special celebration: Bollobás, Gowers, Lovász, Smirnov, Tao and Yoccoz. This book is aimed at students in the IMO age group and all those who have interest in this worldwide leading competition for highschool students.
A lost necklace had drawn her into a dispute with a rich family. Her loved ones' plots and her loved ones' betrayal had forced her into dire straits time and time again. Even one of the twins she gave birth to was taken away. Five years later, she would return with Little Treasure. She was determined to take back the treasure and ascend to the peak of her life ...
for recommendation, for collection] bad luck urge through the strange world, become a poor double children sold by mom and dad. His family was suffering from severe illness, his uncle was malnourished, and there was even a jackal, a tiger, a leopard and a poisonous drug. Shen Jingli expressed his desire to hang himself in front of his house and wear it again.
Selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2013 International Conference on Structures and Building Materials (ICSBM 2013), 9-10 March 2013, Guizhou, China
This ambitious reference surveys worldwide efforts at controlling the spread of tuberculosis, with special emphasis on the developing world. Case studies from China, Pakistan, Nigeria, Indonesia, and other frontline countries demonstrate a wealth of information on clinical, cultural, socioeconomic, and other relevant factors. This compilation provides a valuable resource for creating successful intervention and prevention strategies. State-of-the-science snapshots pinpoint where short- and long-term initiatives stand today, from early detection and vaccination programs to new genetic technologies and drug therapies. This diverse group of perspectives and approaches offers innovative paths to...