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This book is dedicated to the relativistic (laser intensity above 1018 W/cm2) laser-plasma interactions, which mainly concerns two important aspects: ion acceleration and extreme-light-field (ELF). Based on the ultra-intense and ultra–short CP lasers, this book proposes a new method that significantly improves the efficiency of heavy-ion acceleration, and deals with the critical thickness issues of light pressure acceleration. More importantly, a series of plasma approaches for producing ELFs, such as the relativistic single-cycle laser pulse, the intense broad-spectrum chirped laser pulse and the ultra-intense isolated attosecond (10-18s) pulse are introduced. This book illustrates that plasma not only affords a tremendous accelerating gradient for ion acceleration but also serves as a novel medium for ELF generation, and hence has the potential of plasma-based optics, which have a great advantage on the light intensity due to the absence of device damage threshold.
Beijing 2008: Preparing for Glory - Chinese Challenge in the 'Chinese Century' brings together international scholars with an interest in sport and politics and sinologists with an interest in China - past, present and future - to explore global reaction to the Beijing Olympics - China's anticipated moment of glory on the world stage. The Beijing Olympics was, first and foremost, a political act of assertion. It was also a statement of national intent, the culmination of ideological effort going back to 1949 and the outcome of political, social, cultural and economic change. From the moment of the birth of the 'New China' sport has been viewed as a means of internal and external projection i...
This open access book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th China Annual Conference on Cyber Security, CNCERT 2022, held in Beijing, China, in August 2022. The 17 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 64 submissions. The papers are organized according to the following topical sections: data security; anomaly detection; cryptocurrency; information security; vulnerabilities; mobile internet; threat intelligence; text recognition.
In the main frame of the above research topic, 16 contributions have been published including but not limited to the comparative pharmacokinetics between normal and disease status, the changes in the expression and function of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters in disease status and their related regulatory mechanisms, ADME/toxicity of drugs as well as their regulation, drug-drug interactions mediated by nuclear receptors, transporters and metabolic enzymes based on the methods and techniques of pharmacokinetics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. However , the pharmacokinetic study is not only crucial in the development of new drugs, but also the study of pharmacokinetic-pharma...
The transduction of unreadable chemical/biological components to readable optical or electrochemical signals utilizing different biosensing technologies is one of the important pathways of understanding the principles of nature. To achieve this ambitious goal, many biosensors have been developed to obtain useful information from complex systems (e.g. cells, tissues, and humans) ever since the first glucose biosensor was invented in 1967. Nowadays, biosensors are spread all over every branch of frontier science ranging from fundamental measurement science to advanced artificial intelligence technology. Although many transduction technologies are available so far, optical and electronic signal...
This collection includes the analysis, development, and operation of high-temperature processes that involve the extraction and processing of material resources, production, and treatment of metals, alloys, and ceramic materials. Contributions describe innovative methods for achieving property enhancement, impurity segregation and removal, byproduct recovery, waste minimization, energy efficiency, and utilization of complex ores. Also included are various technical, economic, and environmental issues associated with commercial-scale high-temperature processing methods.