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Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box
Do the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production. However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
The Regulation of Agricultural Subsidies in the World Trade Organization Framework. A Developing Country Perspective
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of trade distorting agricultural subsidies and, thereby, reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising on food security, especially by developed countr...
Farming and Subsidies
Describes the reform of New Zealand agricultural subsidy system.
A Billion Dollars a Day
A Billion Dollars a Day “This text provides a good narrative on the economics of government intervention, the structure of the world food system and history of the WTO, and the provision of farm subsidies by developed economies, with a special focus on the U.S. and EU.” P. Lynn Kennedy, Louisiana State University “This extremely well-researched and documented book provides a comprehensive overview of the impact (both intentional and unintentional) that developed nations’ agricultural policies can have on underdeveloped agricultural-based nations.” Jay E. Noel, Cal Poly State University “This text’s discussion and explanation of subsidies is well developed in a historical and in...
Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries' Interests
A new impetus has been given to faltering WTO trade discussions by the recent EU mandate supporting the liberalisation of agricultural trade policies and removal of export subsidies on agricultural products, within an environment in which all countries start reforming their trade policies.Until now, discussions have centred on agriculture in general, rather than at specific commodity level. This paper rises to the challenge laid down by the EU by identifying the specific commodities for which developing countries would gain benefit in any subsequent reforms.Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries? Interests outlines the nature of export subsidies. It discusses the effect of reform on developing countries, indicating the scale of any changes. The policy implications of removing agricultural support in the EU are given and the consequences for net food exporting and importing countries examined. Finally, the paper considers the impact of EU agricultural policy reform on other policies, such as the Protocols of the Lom? Convention.(previously announced as EU Farm Subsidies and Developing Countries)
EU Agricultural Subsidy Schemes
This booklet updates details of the schemes covered by the EU agricultural subsidies appeals procedure following Common Agriculture Policy Reform. It also updates some general points and includes added guidance on use of the procedure based on experience.
Grain Subsidies in Ukraine
Grain Subsidies in Ukraine is the first attempt to examine impact of international trade law on Ukrainian policies in the cereals sector. The author focuses on instruments of state support for agricultural producers. Those are examined in their compliance with Ukraine’s WTO commitments. The other central component of the book is the effect of the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement on the the country’s policy space. The treaty contains legal approximation provisions, which may have a farreaching impact on Ukrainian agricultural regulation. In this regard, the agreement is compared to other free trade agreements signed by Ukraine. Another focal point is the question to what extent Ukraine could make use of the EU agricultural aid practice. Although certain EU experience is found to be useful, the book generally advocates reducing distortive policies in Ukraine by substituting subsidies with market-based instruments.
Agricultural Input Subsidies
This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.
From Prices to Incomes
"In theory, moving from price-based subsidies for agriculture to less-distorted income support programs makes sense. In practice, income-support programs have many shortcomings, and developing countries may lack the support mechanisms needed to make them effective. Drawing on experience with direct income-support programs recently introduced in the European Union, Mexico, and the United States, Baffes and Meerman highlight problems that may arise when a developing economy's agricultural sector moves from price-based subsidies to income support programs."--World Bank.
Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries' Interests
A new impetus has been given to faltering WTO trade discussions by the recent EU mandate supporting the liberalisation of agricultural trade policies and removal of export subsidies on agricultural products, within an environment in which all countries start reforming their trade policies.Until now, discussions have centred on agriculture in general, rather than at specific commodity level. This paper rises to the challenge laid down by the EU by identifying the specific commodities for which developing countries would gain benefit in any subsequent reforms.Agricultural Export Subsidies and Developing Countries? Interests outlines the nature of export subsidies. It discusses the effect of reform on developing countries, indicating the scale of any changes. The policy implications of removing agricultural support in the EU are given and the consequences for net food exporting and importing countries examined. Finally, the paper considers the impact of EU agricultural policy reform on other policies, such as the Protocols of the Lom? Convention.(previously announced as EU Farm Subsidies and Developing Countries)
