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Agricultural Input Subsidies
This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.
Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box
Growing evidence suggests that 'green box' farm subsidies may in fact affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. This book brings together new research and analysis examining the relationship between green box subsidies and sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
A Billion Dollars a Day
A Billion Dollars a Day “This text provides a good narrative on the economics of government intervention, the structure of the world food system and history of the WTO, and the provision of farm subsidies by developed economies, with a special focus on the U.S. and EU.” P. Lynn Kennedy, Louisiana State University “This extremely well-researched and documented book provides a comprehensive overview of the impact (both intentional and unintentional) that developed nations’ agricultural policies can have on underdeveloped agricultural-based nations.” Jay E. Noel, Cal Poly State University “This text’s discussion and explanation of subsidies is well developed in a historical and in...
The Regulation of Agricultural Subsidies in the World Trade Organization Framework. A Developing Country Perspective
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of trade distorting agricultural subsidies and, thereby, reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising on food security, especially by developed countr...
Environmentally Harmful Subsidies Challenges for Reform
This book discusses politically-feasible reform strategies that can be used to combat environmentally harmful subsidies.
Government Support to Agricultural Insurance
Governments in developing countries have been increasingly involved in the support of agricultural (crop and livestock) insurance programs in recent years. In their attempts to design and implement agricultural insurance, they have sought technical and financial assistance from the international community and particularly from the World Bank. One of the recurrent requests from governments regards international experience with agricultural insurance, not only in developed countries, where in some cases agricultural insurance has been offered for more than a century, but also in middleand low-income countries. Governments are particularly interested in the technical, operational, financial, an...
The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2021
Enabling power: Water Environment and Water Services (Scotland) Act 2003, ss. 20, 36 (2), sch. 2. Issued: 12.11.2021. Made: 09.11.2021. Laid before the Scottish Parliament: 11.11.2021. Coming into force: 01.01.2022, for the purpose of regulation 1 (2); 01.01.2023, for the purpose of regulation 1 (3). Effect: SSI. 2008/298; 2011/209 amended & SSI. 2006/181; 2013/177; 2014/319, 323 partially revoked & SSI. 2003/531; 2008/54; 2015/383 revoked. Territorial extent & classification: S. General
Agricultural Subsidies in the WTO Green Box
Do the World Trade Organization's rules on 'green box' farm subsidies allow both rich and poor countries to achieve important goals such as food security, or do they worsen poverty, distort trade and harm the environment? Current WTO requirements set no ceiling on the amount of green box subsidies that governments can provide, on the basis that these payments cause only minimal trade distortion. Governments are thus increasingly shifting their subsidy spending into this category, as they come under pressure to reduce subsidies that are more directly linked to production. However, growing evidence nonetheless suggests that green box payments can affect production and trade, harm farmers in developing countries and cause environmental damage. By bringing together new research and critical thinking, this book examines the relationship between green box subsidies and the achievement of sustainable development goals, and explores options for future reform.
UNDERSTANDING ILLEGAL AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES: A STUDY OF TWO WTO CASES
The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) is one of the two main agreements in the Uruguay Round Agreements that introduces the specific regulations in the liberalisation of agricultural products. The other one is the Agreement on Textiles. As in all the other multilateral trade agreements that came into effect in 1995, the AoA is compelling all members of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Based on its professed purpose of setting up a fair and market-oriented trading system in agriculture, the AoA requires member nations to encourage market access and subordinate trade-distorting agricultural subsidies. However, as the paper will discuss below, the agriculture agreement itself is highly unfair. ...
