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PENGANTAR BIROKRASI INDONESIA
Birokrasi dan pemerintahan merupakan dua entitas dalam sebuah negara yang pada esensinya merujuk pada satu objek: pemerintah. Keduanya ibarat dua sisi mata uang yang tidak terpisahkan. Birokrasi ada karena adanya pemerintahan. Sebalik-nya, pemerintahan dalam keberlangsungan fungsi dan tugasnya mewujud menjadi birokrasi. Maka muncullah istilah birokrasi pemerintah.
A History of Muslim Philosophy Volume 1, Book 3
Early Centuries (From The First/Seventh Century To The Fall Of Baghdad)A Compendium of articles on the History of Muslim Philosophy. In this book: Early Centuries (From The First/Seventh Century To The Fall Of Baghdad)
The Muslim Creed
Originally published in 1932. This volume is a comprehensive study of the historical development of Muslim dogmatics and consists of translations and commentaries on the creed in its various forms.
Kitāb Qawāʻid Al-ʻaqāʼid
In the Principles of the Creed (Kitab Qawa'id al-'aqa'id), the second of the forty books of the Revival of the Religious Sciences (Ihya' 'ulum al-din), Abu Hamid al-Ghazali explains the fundamental beliefs of Islam, those that concern faith in God, His revelation, His messengers, and the hereafter. The scope of these beliefs includes the nature of God, Muhammad s status as a prophet, the virtues of the Companions, the events related to the resurrection and judgment, and the nature of faith itself. This presentation of beliefs goes beyond a list of creedal statements; al-Ghazali cites the scriptural foundations in the Qur'an and hadith, refers to transmitted reports from the Companions and others from the righteous predecessors, and supports these beliefs with rational arguments."
Restating Orientalism
Since Edward Said’s foundational work, Orientalism has been singled out for critique as the quintessential example of Western intellectuals’ collaboration with oppression. Controversies over the imbrications of knowledge and power and the complicity of Orientalism in the larger project of colonialism have been waged among generations of scholars. But has Orientalism come to stand in for all of the sins of European modernity, at the cost of neglecting the complicity of the rest of the academic disciplines? In this landmark theoretical investigation, Wael B. Hallaq reevaluates and deepens the critique of Orientalism in order to deploy it for rethinking the foundations of the modern project...
تهافت الفلاسفة
Although Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali lived a relatively short life (1058-1111), he established himself as one of the most important thinkers in the history of Islam. The Incoherence of the Philosophers, written after more than a decade of travel and ascetic contemplation, contends that while such Muslim philosophers as Avicenna boasted of unassailable arguments on matters of theology and metaphysics, they could not deliver on their claims; moreover, many of their assertions represented disguised heresy and unbelief. Despite its attempted refutation by the twelfth-century philosopher Ibn Rushd, al-Ghazali's work remains widely read and influential.
