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Hepatocellular carcinoma: from personalized medicine to practical guidelines
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. HCC is the fourth cause of cancer-related mortality and the fifth most common cancer in the world. The prognosis and survival of patients depend mainly on the cancer stage at time of diagnosis. Earlier detection of the disease has seen improvement in treatment and disease-free survival over the last several decades. Currently, the only curable treatment for HCC is tumor resection or transplantation. These measures are strictly successful only if caught during early-stage HCC. Research has identified multiple molecular pathways involved in HCC on genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic levels. There has been a lot of research into designing drugs to specifically target these molecular pathways affected in patients, and thus contributing to personalized medical treatment. There is abundant bioinformatic research to document the extensive molecular pathways involved as well as drug docking techniques used to assess drug candidates for treating those affected pathways. These bioinformatic techniques result in identifying candidates suitable for further analysis in tissue and animal models and human trials.
