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The main aim of this book is to give a self-contained and representative cross section through present-day research in solid-state physics. This covers metallic and mesoscopic transport, localization by disorder and superconductivity, including questions related to high-temperature superconductors and to heavy fermion systems. An important part of the book is devoted to itinerant-electron magnetism, discussing paramagnons, strong correlation, magnetization fluctuations and spin density waves. All the formal tools used in these chapters are developed in the first part of the book which contains a thorough discussion of second quantization and of perturbation theory for an arbitrary complex time path and also describes the functional approach to Feynman diagrams including general ward identities. Each chapter contains an extensive list of the relevant literature and a series of problems with detailed solutions which complement the main text. The book is meant both as a course and a research tool.
This book retraces the life of the physicist Wolfgang Pauli, analyses his scientific work, and describes the evolution of his thinking. Includes extended account of Pauli'scorrespondence with figures such as Einstein, Bohr, Heisenberg and C.G.Jung.
This thesis presents significant new results on the problem of understanding the origin of dark energy in cosmology. The work develops an original approach based on modifications of General Relativity at cosmological scales, introducing non-local effective terms that can in principle emerge from fundamental local theories. Both the phenomenological consequences and theoretical aspects of the proposal are developed in depth. The thesis also contains significant new material compared to that published by the author in scientific journals.
This is a collection of survey articles based on lectures presented at a colloquium and workshop in Geneva in 2003 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of the birth of Charles François Sturm. It aims at giving an overview of the development of Sturm-Liouville theory from its historical roots to present day research. It is the first time that such a comprehensive survey has been made available in compact form. The contributions come from internationally renowned experts and cover a wide range of developments of the theory. The book can therefore serve both as an introduction to Sturm-Liouville theory and as background for ongoing research. The volume is addressed to researchers in related areas, to advanced students and to those interested in the historical development of mathematics. The book will also be of interest to those involved in applications of the theory to diverse areas such as engineering, fluid dynamics and computational spectral analysis.
Against Massacre looks at the rise of humanitarian intervention in the nineteenth century, from the fall of Napoleon to the First World War. Examining the concept from a historical perspective, Davide Rodogno explores the understudied cases of European interventions and noninterventions in the Ottoman Empire and brings a new view to this international practice for the contemporary era. While it is commonly believed that humanitarian interventions are a fairly recent development, Rodogno demonstrates that almost two centuries ago an international community, under the aegis of certain European powers, claimed a moral and political right to intervene in other states' affairs to save strangers f...
It was the aim of the 10th workshop in Gwatt (Switzerland), October 1986 to elucidate the twofold impact of physics on the life sciences. On the one hand, the powerful techniques developed for studying complex physical phenomena are very useful in the biological context. Equally useful, on the other hand, are certain physical concepts, such as symmetry and symmetry breaking, linear and nonlinear stability, frustration and constrained dynamics. In this respect the book presents exemplary contributions on topics such as - studies of the symmetries and structure of biological systems using NMR, electron microscopy and image processing; - thermodynamics and transport properties of biomembranes; - physics of proteins and applications in biotechnology; - neural networks and brain research; - the theory of evolution. Researchers in physics, particularly in statistical and biophysics, biology, physiology and medicine will find this book an excellent survey of the most lively fields of physics in living matter.