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The Baltic in the early modern period has been called a 'Nordic Mediterranean'. In the studies collected here, Professor North is concerned to examine the ways in which this Baltic region became integrated into the international division of labour and the emerging world economy. The volume opens with a new introductory essay, and the first section then focuses on commodities exported to Western Europe - grain, timber, flax, hemp and other raw materials. The following studies examine how this ever growing bulk trade stimulated a flow of money and payments in the opposite direction, and led to the formation of the manorial economy and second serfdom in the grain-producing countries of the Baltic hinterlands.
This volume offers new insights into the self-perceptions, strategies, and rituals through which early modern institutions functioned. Its wide range and its comparative vision of the nature of institutions prompts a new interpretation of the role of institutions in society. With contributions by Florence Hsia, Ian Anders Gadd, Gayle K. Brunelle, Christopher Carlsmith, Susan E. Brown, Victor Morgan, Steve Hindle, Janelle Day Jenstad, Eve Rosenhaft, Reed Benhamou, James Shaw, Kristine Haugen.
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This volume brings together a set of key studies on the history of medieval Central Europe (Bohemia, Hungary, Poland), along with others specially commissioned for the book or translated, and a new introduction. This region was both an area of immigration, and one of polities in expansion. Such expansion included the settlement and exploitation of previously empty lands as well as rulers' attempts to incorporate new territories under their rule, although these attempts did not always succeed. Often, German immigration has been prioritized in scholarship, and the medieval expansion of Central Europe has been equated with the expansion of Germans. Debates then focused on the positive or negati...