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Tracking inequalities in financial hardship due to out-of-pocket health spending by age structure of a household
WHO and the World Bank are co-custodian agencies of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 3.8.2, one of the financial hardship indicators used to track progress towards universal health coverage (UHC)(SDG target 3.8). SDG target 17.18 calls for all countries to increase the availability of disaggregated data by age and other characteristics relevant to national contexts. In response, WHO, as a normative agency, proposed in 2020 to extend the life-course approach from age groups at the individual level to the household level to monitor inequalities in financial hardship by the age structure of the household. Based on data from 47 countries with household survey estimates for 2015–201...
Değişen Toplumda Yaşlanma ve Yaşlılık
Dünya nüfusu yaşlanmakta, yaşlı nüfusun oranı hızla artmaktadır. Bu demografik dönüşüm küresel anlamda sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yansımaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Farklı disiplinlerden araştırmacı ve akademisyenlerin ortak çalışmasının bir ürünü olan Değişen Toplumda Yaşlanma ve Yaşlılık kitabı, yaşlanma ve yaşlılık kavramlarına sosyal değişim perspektifinden disiplinler arası bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu kitapta; değişen toplumda yaşlılık ve sosyal hizmet, yaşlılığın sağlık ekonomisiyle ilişkiselliği, Türkiye’de yaşlılara yönelik sosyal politika uygulamaları, yaşlılıkta gelir ve zorunlu tüketim ürünlerine erişimdeki eşitsizlikler, yaş ayrımcılığı, değişen yaşlılık algısı ve ölüm, üretken yaşlanma, güncel Türk sinemasında yaşlılığın yeri, yaşlılık sürecinin toplumsal cinsiyet ekseninde değerlendirilmesi, demanslı bireylerde gündelik yaşam aktiviteleri ve üçüncü yaş turizmi konuları tartışılmaktadır.
World Health Survey Plus COVID-19 Mobile Phone Survey 2021-2022
This report describes the survey design and implementation and presents self-reported survey findings on COVID-19 risk perception, testing, vaccination, and the impact on household income and spending.
2021年全球卫生领域财务保障监测报告
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Measuring Financial Protection in Health
Abstract: Health systems are not just about improving health: good ones also ensure that people are protected from the financial consequences of receiving medical care. Anecdotal evidence suggests health systems often perform badly in this respect, apparently with devastating consequences for households, especially poor ones and near-poor ones. Two principal methods have been used to measure financial protection in health. Both relate a household's out-of-pocket spending to a threshold defined in terms of living standards in the absence of the spending: the first defines spending as catastrophic if it exceeds a certain percentage of the living standards measure; the second defines spending as impoverishing if it makes the difference between a household being above and below the poverty line. The paper provides an overview of the methods and issues arising in each case, and presents empirical work in the area of financial protection in health, including the impacts of government policy. The paper also reviews a recent critique of the methods used to measure financial protection.
Advances in Motivation in Sport and Exercise
Advances in Motivation in Sport and Exercise, Third Edition, presents the most current information in sport and exercise motivation, including discussion of new research surrounding self-determination theory and goal achievement theory, traditional topics of goal setting and self-efficacy, and newer areas of attention such as passion and perfectionism. Readers not only will gain knowledge in one of the leading areas of sport psychology research but also learn how the research can inform their current practice. In this third edition, editors Glyn Roberts and Darren Treasure, along with a highly respected team of contributors, offer sport and exercise psychology researchers and students the mo...
