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Pierre Tallets discovery of the Red Sea Scrolls the worlds oldest surviving written documents in 2013 was one of the most remarkable moments in the history of Egyptology. These papyri, written some 4,600 years ago, combined with Mark Lehners research and theories, change what we thought we knew about the building of the Great Pyramid at Giza. Here, for the first time, Tallet and Lehner together give us the definitive account of this astounding discovery. The story begins with Tallets hunt for hieroglyphic rock inscriptions in the Sinai Peninsula, leading up to the discovery of the papyri the diary of Inspector Merer, who oversaw workers in the reign of Pharaoh Khufu in Wadi el-Jarf, the site...
The pharaonic port of Wadi el-Jarf is composed of a set of settlements (storage caves, camps, maritime installations) that are spread over a distance of 5 km, from the foothills of the Gebel el-Galala el-Qibliya to the coast of the Gulf of Suez. This first volume presents the results of the excavations conducted in the coastal part of the site between 2012 and 2021. There, one can still see the remains of a large L-shaped pier, built to provide a shelter for the boats that frequented the harbor, as well as camps- some 200 m from the seashore-that were surely the dwelling places of the workers in charge of the on-site assembling and dismantling of the boats used for expeditions (stored in the caves). The abundant material collected during the excavations includes numerous seal impressions on clay showing the names of Snefru and Khufu, dating the occupation of the site to the two first kings of the 4th Dynasty, and an exceptional deposit in one of the camps of one hundred stone boat anchors, many of them still inscribed with the names of the boats to which they belonged. This gives us a glimpse of the last fleet that made use of the harbor c. 2600 BC.
This second volume devoted to the batch of papyri discovered in 2013 on the site of Wadi el-Jarf (on the western coast of the Gulf of Suez) completes the publication of the logbooks which were part of this collection of archives. Much more fragmentary than papyri A and B -which reported the work of Inspector Merer's phyle in the transportation of limestone blocks from the quarries of Tourah to the Giza plateau-, papyri C, D, E and F record other missions which were assigned to the same team, presumably for a period of about a year. One of these documents, papyrus C, is probably about the building of a harbour near the Mediterranean coast, and confirms the role that hwt-foundations could have played during the early 4th dynasty in the development of areas such as the Nile Delta. Papyrus D, which was probably issued by a scribe named Dedi, shows the activity of several "phyles" from the same team in repetitive tasks relating to supply and guard which were probably linked to the functioning of the Valley temple of Khufu, and maybe also of his royal palace, at the foot of his funerary complex.
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An international group of scholars have contributed to Joyful in Thebes, a Festschrift for the distinguished Egyptologist Betsy M. Bryan. The forty-two articles deal with topics of art history, archaeology, history, and philology representing virtually the entire span of ancient Egyptian civilization. These diverse studies, which often present unpublished material or new interpretations of specific issues in Egyptian history, literature, and art history, well reflect the broad research interests of the honoree. Abundantly illustrated with photographs and line drawings, the volume also includes a comprehensive bibliography of Bryan's publications through 2015.
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