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The eye and the ocular adnexa may give rise to over three hundred histologically different tumors - by far the largest tumor variety of the human body. However, the immunological behavior of these tumors has only been explored in some cases, although it is well established that the eye is an immune-privileged site in which cells that express foreign antigens escape immune-mediated elimination. Human tumors also create an immune-privileged surrounding and thereby escape from anti-tumor immune responses. Highlighting aspects of ocular and general tumor, this text summarizes the role of the immune system and how tumor tissue can influence various parameters (T-cells, NK-cells, HLA-expression, apoptosis), leading to escape mechanisms used by the tumor. New therapeutic regimens urgently required by patients are also reviewed, and the immunological behavior of skin melanoma is compared to choroidal melanoma, whilst basal cell carcinoma of the ocular lid is compared to those of the skin.
Covering one of the hottest topics in immunology today, this book provides a comprehensive view of all types of regulatory T cells described so far in the literature. The book will have broad appeal to both researchers and clinicians.
In memory of J. Wayne Streilein, the pioneer in ocular immunology The second edition of Immune Response and the Eye' highlights recent insights into the dangerous compromise' between the immune system and the eye, which protects the eye against pathogens while limiting inflammation and immune-mediated injury to ocular tissues with little or no regenerative potential. It discusses the broad spectrum of physiological, immunological, anatomical, and biochemical adaptations that conspire to closely regulate the tone and tenor of immune responses in the eye. This volume further describes immune-mediated diseases that occur when the compromise between the immune system and the eye is breached. This breakdown in immune privilege threatens the vision of millions each year. Finally, recent advances in ocular immunology are presented, which offer potential therapeutic applications in corneal and retinal transplantation and in the management of blinding autoimmune diseases of the eye. Eye researchers, ophthalmologists and immunologists will appreciate the state-of-the-art and authoritative information presented in Immune Response and the Eye'
This book provides an overview of the types, sources, and applications of stem cells in regenerating various ocular tissues, with a perspective on both potential applications of stem cells and possible challenges. The scope of the chapters include both preclinical and clinical applications, including stem cell-derived therapies based on endogenous tissue repair; stem cell transplantation and cell replacement therapy; gene therapy; and in vitro disease modelling. Additionally, the volume presents applications in both anterior and posterior ocular disease, with a particular focus on diseases of the ocular surface, cornea, limbus, and retina, including inherited retinal dystrophies as well as a...
Surgery continues to be the mainstay treatment for melanoma localized to the primary tumor and/or lymph nodes. Results from randomized controlled trials indicate that sentinel node biopsy for the treatment of cutaneous melanoma of intermediate thickness has a beneficial effect on recurrence rates, and adjuvant radiotherapy to regional lymph node fields following surgical resection reduces loco-regional recurrence in patients at high risk of relapse. Isolated limb perfusion, electrochemotherapy, and photodynamic therapy continue to be evaluated for treatment of stage IV disease. However, the greatest excitement in new treatment has been with targeted therapies for genetic mutations. In particular, the promising results of partial and complete tumor response in stage IV disease from early phase trials of the B-RAF kinase inhibitors. This book provides a contemporary insight into the therapeutic treatment options for patients with metastatic melanoma and is relevant to clinicians and researchers worldwide. In addition, an update on current clinical trials for melanoma treatment has been included, and two chapters have been reserved to discuss the treatment of oral and uveal melanoma.
In this book, the physiologic bases of ocular immune privilege and the distinctive systemic immune responses elicited by eye derived antigens are described. Several chapters discuss the pathogeneses of these disorders which arise from infections, autoimmunity, and neoplasms. Finally, chapters devoted to corneal and retinal transplantation describe attempts to exploit ocular immune privilege to promote graft survival and thereby cure blindness. Ophthalmologists, both clinicians and physician scientists, general and tumor immunologists, transplantation biologists and anyone seeking to understand the immunopathogenic diseases that threaten vision will appreciate the information presented in this book.
The Third Aegean Conferences Workshop on Complement-Associated Diseases, Animal Models, and Therapeutics convened to discuss progress in complement research as it pertains to human disease pathogenesis and therapeutics. The rapid pace of research and new experimental approaches allow an integrated view of the in vivo biology of the complement system. This book collects writings on the functions of complement, pathophysiology, protein structures, design of complement inhibitors, and complement assays discussed at the conference.
Examines the mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune systems as they relate to infection and disease. • Explores the underlying mechanisms of immunity and the many sequelae of host-pathogen interactions, ranging from the sterile eradication of the invader, to controlled chronic infection, to pathologic corollaries of the host-pathogen crosstalk. • Discusses the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune disorders and cancers that are induced by infectious agents but then become independent of the infection process. • Serves as a resource for immunologists, molecular microbiologists, infectious disease clinicians, researchers, and students.
Written as a practical guide for the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis, this text provides uveitis specialists, practicing ophthalmologists, ophthalmology residents and fellows with the appropriate diagnostic testing and evidenced-based therapeutic options for managing patients afflicted with these conditions. Written and edited by leaders in the fields of ophthalmology, rheumatology, internal medicine, infectious disease, and oncology, each chapter addresses the latest advances in the field: from the advent of PCR technology, intraocular depot steroid implants, neoplastic and infectious diseases masquerading as uveitis, and the use of systemic immunomoduatory therapies (including biologic agents/humanized monoclonal antibodies).
The biennial TNF-family conferences have been held over the past 20 years, from the time that TNF was cloned. These meetings have followed the enormous progress in this field. Much is now known about the members of the TNF ligand and receptor families, their signaling proteins, mechanisms of action and cellular functions. This volume is the proceedings of the 12th TNF International Conference, held in April 2009. This conference focuses on the physiological, pathophysiological, and medical significance of these important regulators. Sessions at the meeting specifically address their involvement in immunity, development, apoptosis, autoimmunity, cancer, and infection, the normal function and pathology of the neuronal system, as well as major unresolved questions about their mechanisms of action.