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This book focuses on waste management which is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics or amenity. Waste management is also carried out to reduce the materials' effect on the environment and to recover resources from them. Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each. Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial, producers. Management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.
Les pollutions diffuses d'origine agricole (ex.: viticulture) sont mises en cause dans la pollution des eaux de surface. Dans l'objectif de caractériser l'exposition des écosystèmes aquatiques, des eaux de ruissellement de parcelles viticoles ont été prélevées pour étudier la spéciation du cuivre (modélisation chimique, séparation par taille, extraction des particules) et les effets toxiques (bioessais sur bactérie Vibrio fischeri et algue Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata). Outre les paramètres influents dans le transfert du cuivre et la toxicité (type de sol, pluie, apports de produits phytosanitaires), la biodisponibilité du cuivre est influencée par la présence de ligands (dissous, colloïdaux, particulaires) qui limitent la présence d'ions libres biodisponibles. Cependant, certains ligands (oxine, dithiocarbamates) forment des complexes métalliques lipophiles qui augmentent la toxicité. Les résultats obtenus illustrent la complexité de la caractérisation de l'exposition dans des milieux soumis à une multipollution, et la nécessité de valider les modèles chimiques avec les effets biologiques observés.
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This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.
This Revised edition of A New Geography of Ghana is written specially for the WAEC O' Level syllabus and provides full coverage of Section A of Paper 2.
A comprehensive reference handbook on the important aspects of trace elements in the land environment. Each chapter addresses a particular element and gives a general introduction to their role in the environment, where they come from, and their biogeochemical cycles. In addition to a complete updating of each of the element chapters, this new edition has new chapters devoted to aluminum and iron, soil contamination, remediation and trace elements in aquatic ecosystems. In short, an essential resource for environmental scientists and chemists, regulators and policy makers.
This multi-authored book provides an updated description of climate variability in the Mediterranean basin, focusing on decadal and centennial time scales and on the results available on the impact of future emission scenarios at regional scale. The authors describs both local physical processes responsible for these variability - such as changes in the surface properties and land use- and globalprocesses - such as changes in the large scale atmospheric circulation associated to global warming, NAO, tropical monsoon and ENSO. Regional climate change issues are also addressed. Mediterranean Climate Variability aims to review the research on this region and to provide at the same time both an ...