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This publication has the objective of providing a comprehensive analysis of the key trends in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and vulnerability to climate change in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, compiling the most relevant efforts and progress reported by countries in the implementation of mitigation and adaptation goals and measures in recent years. Considering the areas of the FAO mandate, this document aims to provide information with relevance for the agricultural, and land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) sectors as key contributors to country gross domestic product (GDP) and one of the most vulnerable areas of economic activity to the impacts of climate change. Th...
This Climate Finance toolkit was prepared by the Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, jointly with the United Nations Environment Programme Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia, as part of the efforts both organizations systematically conduct to support countries to access scaled-up sources of climate finance. This document aims at compiling relevant and up to date information on different sources of climate finance, through which countries in Europe and Central Asia could identify opportunities to finance their objectives and goals defined in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) submitted to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). In this sense, it includes information on the overarching architecture for climate financing at global level and the key conceptual framework related to climate finance and provides detailed briefs for the most relevant sources of finance with operations in this region.
This resource guide aims to support decision-makers, development practitioners, trainers and civil society organizations representing both farmers and rural women in designing and implementing climate investment projects and programmes in the Europe and Central Asia Region. It features a practical conceptual framework to enhance gender mainstreaming in climate investment programming with a particular emphasis on the Green Climate Fund and Global Environment Facility modalities. The resource guide highlights practical examples and lessons learned relating to gender mainstreaming from the FAO regional climate investment portfolio by featuring six gender mainstreaming experiences (Armenia, Geor...
This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 30th International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, IWOCA 2019, held in Pisa, Italy, in July 2019. The 36 regular papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 73 submissions. They cover diverse areas of combinatorical algorithms, complexity theory, graph theory and combinatorics, combinatorial optimization, cryptography and information security, algorithms on strings and graphs, graph drawing and labelling, computational algebra and geometry, computational biology, probabilistic and randomized algorithms, algorithms for big data analytics, and new paradigms of computation.
Automated Speaking Assessment: Using Language Technologies to Score Spontaneous Speech provides a thorough overview of state-of-the-art automated speech scoring technology as it is currently used at Educational Testing Service (ETS). Its main focus is related to the automated scoring of spontaneous speech elicited by TOEFL iBT Speaking section items, but other applications of speech scoring, such as for more predictable spoken responses or responses provided in a dialogic setting, are also discussed. The book begins with an in-depth overview of the nascent field of automated speech scoring—its history, applications, and challenges—followed by a discussion of psychometric considerations f...
Annotation Suggested, but not exclusive, topics of interest include automata theory, automated deduction, categorical models and logics, concurrency and distributed computation, constraint programming, constructive mathematics, database theory, decision procedures, description logics, domain theory, finite model theory, theory of automatic structures, formal aspects of program analysis, formal methods, foundations of computability, higher order logic, lambda and combinatory calculi, linear logic, logic in artificial intelligence, logic programming, logical aspects of bioinformatics, logical aspects of computational complexity, logical aspects of quantum computation, logical frameworks, logics of programs, modal and temporal logics, model checking, probabilistic systems, process calculi, programming language semantics, proof theory, real time systems, reasoning about security, rewriting, type systems and type theory, and verification.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Big Data, Cloud and Applications, BDCA 2018, held in Kenitra, Morocco, in April 2018.The 45 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully selected from 99 submissions with a thorough double-blind review process. They focus on the following topics: big data, cloud computing, machine learning, deep learning, data analysis, neural networks, information system and social media, image processing and applications, and natural language processing.