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The role of bile pigments in health and disease: effects on cell signaling, cytotoxicity and cytoprotection
Degradation of heme involves its conversion to biliverdin by heme oxygenase followed by reduction of biliverdin to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. There is ample evidence for the pleiotropic functions of biliverdin reductase in cell signaling and regulation of gene expression. This enzyme plays a major role in glucose uptake and the stress response. Bilirubin has been shown to behave as a "double-edged sword". It can exert either cytotoxic or cytoprotective effects, depending on the blood and/or tissue concentration of its free fraction, the nature of the target cell or tissue, and the cellular redox state. Its antioxidant effect is the basis for the proposed cardioprotective effect of relatively low blood concentrations of bilirubin in humans with moderate hyperbilirubinemia. This Special Topic forum is intended to serve as a platform for updating information and presenting advances in basic and clinical research in the above and related subjects.
Dietary Modulation of Cell Signaling Pathways
A consequence of rapid progress in the science of nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics is the substantial accumulation of data covering nutrienal modulation of gene expression at the cellular and subcellular levels. Current research is increasingly focused on the role of nutrition and diet in modifying oxidative damage in the progression of disease. Die
Natural Products and Neuroprotection
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are the most common pathologies of the central nervous system currently without a cure. They share common molecular and cellular characteristics, including protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glutamate toxicity, dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and ageing, which contribute to neuronal death. Efforts to treat these diseases are often limited by their multifactorial etiology. Natural products, thanks to their multitarget activities, are considered promising alternatives for the treatment of neurodegeneration. This book deals with...
Oxidative Stress and Neurodegenerative Disorders
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance in pro-oxidant/antioxidant homeostasis that leads to the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defense mechanisms against oxygen radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important therefore to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models on neurological disorders. This book presents detailed information on various neurodegenerative disorders and their connection with oxidative stress. This information will provide clinicians with directions to treat these disorders with appropriate therapy and is also of vital importance for the drug industries for the design of new drugs for treatment of degenerative disorders.* Contains the latest information on the subject of neurodegenerative disorders* Reflects on various factors involved in degeneration and gives suggestions for how to tackle these problems
Nitric Oxide, Part G
The Nobel Prize was awarded in Physiology or Medicine in 1998 to Louis J. Ignarro, Robert F. Furchgott and Ferid Murad for demonstrating the signaling properties of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the few gaseous signaling molecules and is a key biological messenger that plays a role in many biological processes. NO research has led to new treatments for treating heart as well as lung diseases, shock and impotence. (Sildenafil, popularly known by the trade name Viagra, enhances signaling through NO pathways.) Scientists are currently testing whether NO can be used to stop the growth of cancerous tumors, since the gas can induce programmed cell death, apoptosis.This is another "must...
Heat Shock Proteins in Neural Cells
This valuable new title addresses the role of heat shock proteins and cellular stress responses in the brain, with a major focus on nerve cells and glia, namely oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Heat shock proteins are involved in many physiological processes, including development and differentiation, organisation of the cytoarchitecture by binding to cytoskeletal elements, and regulation of the balance between cell death and survival.
A Milestone in Frontiers in Pharmacology: 1,000 Published Papers in the Section Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
Frontiers in Pharmacology was launched in 2010, with a number of sections which were eventually reorganized. The founding Field Chief Editor was Prof. Théophile Godfraind, an eminent scientist active in cardiovascular pharmacology, who pioneered the discovery of calcium antagonists. At that time he invited me to serve as Chief Editor for a section named “Analytical and Experimental Pharmacology”. Later on, our section enlarged and was re-named as “Experimental Pharmacology and Drug Discovery” to outline the translational potential of fundamental pharmacological research and theoretical analysis to the improvement of human health, through the invention of novel medicinal products. We are now entering the 10th year of editorial activity, which sees the publication of the 1,000th paper in our section. Such an achievement is very rewarding for us and our community, but it is even more remarkable when placed into the timeline of our development. In fact, in a 10-year frame we have significantly grown in quantity and quality, e.g. both in number of published papers and in scientific impact. [From a personal perspective by Salvatore Salomone, Specialty Chief Editor]
