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One of the most striking features of late medieval and early modern German was the countless feuds carried out by nobles. A constant threat to law and order, these feuds have commonly been regarded as a manifestation of the decline - economic and otherwise - of the nobility. This study shows that the nobility was not in crisis at this time. Nor were feuds merely banditry by another name. Rather, they were the result of an interplay between two fundamental processes: princely state-building, and social stratification among the nobility. Offering a new paradigm for understanding the German nobility, this book argues that the development of the state made proximity to princes the single most decisive factor in determining the fortune of a family. The result was a violent competition among the nobility over resources which were crucial to the princes. Feuds played a central role in this struggle that eventually led to the formation of an elite of noble families on whose power and wealth the princely state depended.
Since the end of World War II, Nazi medical atrocities have been a topic of ambivalent reactions and debates, both in Germany and internationally: An early period of silence was followed by attempts of victims and representatives of medical organisations to describe what happened. Varying narratives developed, some of which had a stabilizing function for the identity of the profession, whereas others had a critical and de-stabilizing function. In today's international debates in the field of medical ethics, there are frequent references to Nazi medical atrocities, in particular in the context of discussions about research on human subjects, and on euthanasia. The volume analyses the narratives on Nazi medical atrocities, their historicity in different stages of post-war medicine, as well as in the international discourse on biomedical ethics.
This book develops best practices for collaboration between teams within large organizations, and demonstrates how an optimal environment for teamwork can improve business processes. To do so, it analyzes the system dynamics of living organisms and applies the results to the business environment. The book employs a consistent approach, applying recent advances in molecular biology to the structure and design of large industrial organizations. These insights from molecular biology are used to define the requirements for a practicable business management system based on the ISO 9000 criteria. The outcome is a viable and feasible system that can be used to design large organizations, e.g. by manufacturers of industrial equipment. In addition, four case studies are used to show how such a biologically inspired system can be implemented to positively and significantly impact business.
This groundbreaking book explains the widely accepted practice of feuding amongst noblemen and princes in its social context.
While the social identity of women in medieval society hinged largely on the ritual of marriage, identity for men was derived from belonging to a particular group. Knights, monks, apprentices, guildsmen all underwent a process of initiation into their unique subcultures. As From Boys to Men shows, the process of this socialization reveals a great deal about medieval ideas of what it meant to be a man—as distinguished from a boy, from a woman, and even from a beast. In an exploration of the creation of adult masculine identities in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, From Boys to Men takes a close look at the roles of men through the lens of three distinct institutions: the university, ...
A collection of documents supplementing the companion series known as "Colonial records of Pennsylvania" which contain the minutes of the Provincial Council, of the Council of Safety, and of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania.