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An increasing number of studies suggest that the abnormality of substance and energy metabolism of tumor cells is among the unsolved complex pathological mechanism problems in malignant tumor. The abnormal metabolism of substance and energy in tumor cells is not only the cause of occurrence and development of malignant tumors, but also the concrete embodiment of their pathological changes. Substance and energy metabolism of tumor cells largely depends on neuroendocrine regulation, so it is of great scientific and clinical significance to analyze its regulatory mechanism. The imbalance of material and energy metabolism of tumor cells is one of the major causes for the occurrence and developme...
Prior to 1862, when the Department of Agriculture was established, the report on agriculture was prepared and published by the Commissioner of Patents, and forms volume or part of volume, of his annual reports, the first being that of 1840. Cf. Checklist of public documents ... Washington, 1895, p. 148.
This book addresses the most pressing current questions in the management of urologic malignancies. The rapid advances in imaging and molecular markers are placed into a clinical context, with explanation of their effects on prognosis and treatment planning. Similarly, progress in immunotherapy is carefully examined, focusing in particular on the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in both early- and late-stage urologic malignancies. Looking beyond the improvements in minimally invasive techniques for urologic cancers, the impacts of care coordination pathways and enhanced recovery after surgery protocols are reviewed. Readers will also find enlightening discussion of the decision algorithm for the treatment of early-stage, high-grade bladder cancer, taking into account evidence on the most advanced treatment options and the circumstances in which surgery may need to be expedited. The penultimate chapter discusses the Cancer Genome Atlas project for bladder cancer, and the book closes by considering contemporary medical and surgical management of testicular cancer.