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An increasing number of studies suggest that the abnormality of substance and energy metabolism of tumor cells is among the unsolved complex pathological mechanism problems in malignant tumor. The abnormal metabolism of substance and energy in tumor cells is not only the cause of occurrence and development of malignant tumors, but also the concrete embodiment of their pathological changes. Substance and energy metabolism of tumor cells largely depends on neuroendocrine regulation, so it is of great scientific and clinical significance to analyze its regulatory mechanism. The imbalance of material and energy metabolism of tumor cells is one of the major causes for the occurrence and developme...
Highly contiguous reference genome sequences are a prerequisite for genomics research and for the optimal utilization of plant species. However, whole-genome duplication events and subsequent chromosomal rearrangements and losses shape the complex features and extensive diversity of plant genomes, and hinder their highly contiguous assembly. With the advent of single-molecule, long-read sequencing technologies, such as PacBio High-Fidelity (HiFi) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), as well as Bionano genomics and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C), many highly complex chromosome-level genomes have been revealed, even with phased haplotypes. These advanced sequencing te...
Currently, the treatment options for gastrointestinal malignancies mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and molecular targeted therapy, etc. Drug therapy is one of the main treatments for patients with advanced stages, but the efficacy of chemotherapy seems to have reached a plateau, and the progress of traditional molecular targeted therapy is relatively slow. In addition, the benefits of the current chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy for patients with advanced stages of gastrointestinal malignancies are still not satisfactory. Tumor immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic approach and is a current research hotspot, and there are hopes that immunotherapy can help fu...
A common feature of cancer metabolism is the ability to obtain essential nutrients from a nutrient-poor environment and use them to maintain viability as well as generate new biomass. Alterations in intracellular and extracellular metabolites can be accompanied by tumor-associated metabolic reprogramming with profound effects on gene expression, cell differentiation, and tumor microenvironment. In these cases, the metabolic microenvironment of the tumor itself can present an immunosuppressive environment that needs to be overcome. Specifically, it will help maximize the efficacy of cancer therapies by identifying targets that suppress or alter cancer metabolism to improve the tumor microenvironment nutrient availability or that modulate immune metabolism to bolster inflammation.
Age-related fertility decline is a striking phenomenon for women and there is an increasing tendency for later marriage and the postponement of childbearing in industrial countries. Many epidemiological observations also point out that almost one-tenth of reproductive-aged women require infertility treatment in these countries. Although the uterus is somewhat affected by ageing, the ageing ovary is considered a major but inevitable phenomenon. Consequently, preserving future fecundity is generally understood as preserving ovarian function; this is becoming a major concern for physicians specialized in reproductive medicine. Several chemicals have proved to improve or maintain the ovarian follicular pool, though the efficacy is still limited.
Characterization is an important and fundamental step in material research before and after processing. This bookfocuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. It is a highly authoritative collection of articles written by experts from around the world. The articles center on materials characterization, extraction, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development. In addition, articles focus on clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic, magnetic, environmental, advanced and soft materials. This book will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.
The parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic systems are involved in several body functions. Cardiovascular risk factors can be estimated through autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Previous studies have already supported the relevance of improved parasympathetic function to maintain a good health status. Currently, it is well documented that people with high physical activity status present better ANS function, as well as non-smokers subjects. Many factors are related to impaired ANS function, including, sedentary habits, smoking, high fat intake, genetic changes, etc.
Can a state empower its citizens by classifying them? Or do reservation policies reinforce the very categories they are meant to eradicate? Indian reservation policies on government jobs, legislative seats and university admissions for disadvantaged groups, like affirmative action policies elsewhere, are based on the premise that recognizing group distinctions in society is necessary to subvert these distinctions. Yet the official identification of eligible groups has unintended side-effects on identity politics. Bridging theories which emphasize the fluidity of identities and those which highlight the utility of group-based mobilizations and policies, this book exposes didactic enforcement of categorizations, while recognizing the social and political gains facilitated by group-based strategies.
Nanomaterial-Based Metal Organic Frameworks for Single Atom Catalysis covers nanoparticles and their properties, including tunable pore size, efficient reacting capability, large surface area, and morphology, which make them effective catalytic agents. In addition, the book covers catalytic systems, in which nanomaterial-based metal organic frameworks can be applied efficiently as single atom catalysis to enable enhanced functionalities and activities of the reactions in various applications. This book is an important reference source that will be of use to materials scientists, engineers, chemists and chemical engineers who want to learn more about nanomaterials are being used for catalytic...