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The Integration of the CNDP in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
This paper is about the reconstruction of the army in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and particularly about the failed integration of the CNDP. It shows that the different waves of military integration of the CNDP into the army between 2002 and 2012 were negative for the national army of the DRC, the FARDC. The reasons are various: undeserved rewards for integrated former combatants into the army, creating frustration, dissatisfaction and desertion; unfinished integration of armed groups without breaking parallel chains of command and parallel networks; very difficult conditions for the FARDC soldiers on the ground; bad security situation preventing the reconstruction of the army, which is not able to both secure the territory and reconstruct itself; and bad relations with neighbouring countries. This must be added to a lack of political will of the Congolese government and a lack of coordination among donors. This paper argues for an understanding of these failures and the conditions for any future military integration.
National Center for Educational Information (CNDP).
Presents information about the National Center for Educational Information (CNDP) federation of local agencies, under the Department of Education and Research in France. Includes an overview of the CNDP, which coordinates the activities of a network of teachers, librarians, and educational media and information technology professionals dedicated to teachers and schools. Offers information about the functions of the CNDP, including the distribution of educational information, publishing, and the application of technology in education. Site is available in English and French.
Nuclear Data for Science and Technology
This book describes the Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology held at Jillich in May 1991. The conference was in a series of application oriented nuclear data conferences organized in the past under the auspices of the Nuclear Energy Agency-Nuclear Data Committee (NEANDC) and with the support of the Nuclear Energy Agency-Committee on Reactor Physics (NEACRP). It was the fIrst international conference on nuclear data held in Germany, with the scientific responsibility entrusted to the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry of the Research Centre Jillich. The scientific programme was established by the International Programme Committee in consultation w...
The Politics of Conflict Economies
Conflict economies cannot be approached in isolation but must instead be contextualised socially and historically. These economies did not emerge in vacuum, but are part and parcel of the history of people and place. This book explores the informal and illicit extraction and trade of minerals and other types of natural resources that takes place in the 'borderlands' during periods of conflict. This type of extraction and marketing, often referred to as ‘conflict trade’ depends on a weak state, and works alongside the structures of the state and its officials. The book emphasises that conflicts do not start as competition over natural resources and in turn suggests that the integration of...
Nonlinear Programming and Variational Inequality Problems
Since I started working in the area of nonlinear programming and, later on, variational inequality problems, I have frequently been surprised to find that many algorithms, however scattered in numerous journals, monographs and books, and described rather differently, are closely related to each other. This book is meant to help the reader understand and relate algorithms to each other in some intuitive fashion, and represents, in this respect, a consolidation of the field. The framework of algorithms presented in this book is called Cost Approxi mation. (The preface of the Ph.D. thesis [Pat93d] explains the background to the work that lead to the thesis, and ultimately to this book.) It desc...
Political Handbook of the World 2015
The Political Handbook of the World provides timely, thorough, and accurate political information, with more in-depth coverage of current political controversies than any other reference guide. The updated 2015 edition will continue to be the most authoritative source for finding complete facts and analysis on each country’s governmental and political makeup. Compiling in one place more than 200 entries on countries and territories throughout the world, this volume is renowned for its extensive coverage of all major and minor political parties and groups in each political system. It also provides names of key ambassadors and international memberships of each country, plus detailed profiles of more than 30 intergovernmental organizations and UN agencies. And this annual update includes coverage of current events, issues, crises, and controversies from the course of this year.
Politics of Origin in Africa
In this revealing new book, Bøås and Dunn explore the phenomenon of 'autochthony' - literally ‘son of the soil’ - in African politics. In contemporary Africa, questions concerning origin are currently among the most crucial and contested issues in political life, directly relating to the politics of place, belonging, identity and contested citizenship. Thus, land claims and autochthony disputes are the hallmark of political crises in many places on the African continent. Examining the often complex reasons behind this recent rise of autochthony across a number of high-profile case studies - including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Liberia, and Kenya - this is an essential book for anyone wishing to understand the impact of this crucial issue on contemporary African politics and conflicts.
